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For people moving to Australia, Price (2...

    For people moving to Australia, Price (2001) has identified certain values which may give rise to cultural shock. Firstly, he argues that Australians place a high value on independence and personal choice. This means that a teacher or course tutor will not tell students what to do, but will give them a number of options and suggest they work out which one is the best in their circumstances. It also means that they are expected to take action if something goes wrong and seek out resources and support for themselves.

Australians are also prepared to accept a range of opinions rather than believe there is one truth. This means that in an educational setting, students will be expected to form their own opinions and defend the reasons for that point of view and the evidence for it.

Price also comments that Australians are uncomfortable with differences in status and hence idealize the idea of treating everyone equally. An illustration of this is that most adult Australians call each other by their first names. This concern with equality means that Australians are uncomfortable taking anything too seriously and are even ready to joke about themselves.

Australians believe that life should have a balance between work and leisure time. As a consequence, some students may be critical of others who they perceive as doing nothing but study.

Australian concepts of privacy mean that areas such as financial matters, appearance and relationships are only discussed with close friends. While people may volunteer such information, they may dislike someone actually asking them unless the friendship is firmly established. Even then, it is considered very impolite to ask someone what they earn. With older people, it is also rude to ask how old they are, why they are not married or why they do not have children. It is also impolite to ask people how much they have paid for something, unless there is a very good reason for asking.

Kohls (1996) describes cultural shock as a process of change marked by four basic stages. During the first stage, the new arrival is excited to be in a new place, so this is often referred to as the ''honeymoon'' stage. Like a tourist, they are interested in all the new sights and sounds, new smiles and tastes of their surroundings. They may have some problems, but usually they accept them as just part of the novelty (新奇事物). At this point, it is the similarities that stand out, and it seems to the newcomer that people everywhere and their way of life are very much alike. This period of euphoria may last from a couple of weeks to a month, but the letdown is inevitable.

During the second stage, known as the ''rejection'' stage, the newcomer starts to experience difficulties due to the differences between the new culture and the way they were accustomed to living. The initial enthusiasm turns into annoyance, frustration, anger and depression, and these feelings may cause people to reject the new culture so that they notice only the things that cause them trouble, which they then complain about. In addition, they may feel homesick. bored, withdrawn during this period as well.

Fortunately, most people gradually learn to adapt to the new culture and move on to the third stage, known as ''adjustment''. During this stage transition occurs to a new optimistic attitude. As the newcomer begins to understand more of the new culture, things make more sense and the culture seems more familiar. As a result, they begin to develop problem-solving skills, and feelings of disorientation (迷失方向) and anxiety no longer affect them.

In Kohls’s model, in the fourth stage, newcomers undergo a process of adaptation. They have settled into the new culture, and this results in a feeling of direction and self-confidence. They have accepted the new food, drinks, habits and customs and may even find themselves enjoying some of the very customs that bothered them so much previously. In addition. they realize that the new culture has good and bad things to offer and that no way is really better than another, just different.

1.According to Paragraph 1, teachers may expect students to _______ in class in Australia.

A.obey teachers' instructions

B.ask for advice when necessary

C.have a discussion with partners freely

D.explore possible solutions by themselves

2.Which of the following might most Australians agree with?

A.Be just to all, but trust none.

B.Truth never fears investigation.

C.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

D.Share joy is double joy and sorrow half sorrow.

3.What does the underlined word ''euphoria'' in Paragraph 6 mean?

A.Excitement. B.Confidence. C.Frustration. D.Conflict.

4.According to Kohls, if an exchange student from China has managed to host a summer Christmas event though he felt a bit awkward, he might be in Stage _______.

A.Four B.Three

C.Two D.One

5.In which column might this article appear?

A.Intercultural Communication. B.International Education.

C.Global Business. D.Leisure Guide.

6.According to the passage, what is the right attitude towards cultural shock?

A.When in a new culture, hold on to our own.

B.When in a new culture, accept the good things.

C.When facing difference in a new culture, accept it.

D.When feeling uncomfortable in a new culture, neglect it.

 

1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚人的价值观,以及人们遭遇文化冲击时会经历的四个阶段。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段的This means that a teacher or course tutor will not tell students what to do, but will give them a number of options and suggest they work out which one is the best in their circumstances.(这意为这老师或助教不会告诉学生做什么,而会给他们很多选择,建议他们找出在他们的情况下哪个是最好的。)可知,澳大利亚的老师或助教期待学生可以通过自己找出适合自己的解决方法。D. explore possible solutions by themselves(自己探索可能的解决方法)符合以上说法,故选D项。 2.推理判断题。根据第四段Australians believe that life should have a balance between work and leisure time. As a consequence, some students may be critical of others who they perceive as doing nothing but study.可知,澳大利亚人认为生活应该在工作和休闲之间取得平衡。因此,一些学生可能会对那些他们认为除了学习什么也不做的人持批评态度,故推测大多数澳大利亚人会同意C. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.(只工作,不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻),故选C项。 3.词义猜测题。根据第六段的During the first stage, the new arrival is excited to be in a new place, so this is often referred to as the ''honeymoon'' stage.)和This period of euphoria may last from a couple of weeks to a month, but the letdown is inevitable.可知,在第一个阶段,新到者对生活在新的地方很兴奋,这个时期也叫做“蜜月期”。……这种euphoria时间段可能会持续几周到一个月,但失望是不可避免的。结合句意可知,可推测划线部分的意思是“对新奇东西的兴奋”。A. Excitement.(兴奋)符合以上说法,故选A项。 4.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的most people gradually learn to adapt to the new culture and move on to the third stage, known as ''adjustment''. During this stage transition occurs to a new optimistic attitude. As the newcomer begins to understand more of the new culture, things make more sense and the culture seems more familiar. As a result, they begin to develop problem-solving skills, and feelings of disorientation (迷失方向) and anxiety no longer affect them.(大多数人逐渐学会适应新的文化,并进入第三个阶段,即所谓的调整阶段。在这个阶段转变为一种新的乐观态度。当新来者开始更多了解当地的文化时,事情就变得更有意义,文化也似乎更熟悉了。因此,他们开始培养解决问题的能力,迷失方向和焦虑的感觉再也不会影响他们了)可知,一个来自中国的交换生,尽管有点尴尬,却设法成功主办了夏日圣诞节,说明他已经很熟悉当地的文化,而且学会自己处理问题。由此可知他处于第三阶段。故选B项。 5.推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容,尤其是第一段的For people moving to Australia, Price (2001) has identified certain values which may give rise to cultural shock.(对于移居澳大利亚人来说,price(2001)已经确定了一些可能会引起文化冲突的价值观)可推测,本文很有可能会出现跨文化交流专栏。A. Intercultural Communication.(跨文化交流)符合以上说法,故选A项。 6.推理判断题。根据最后一段的In addition. they realize that the new culture has good and bad things to offer and that no way is really better than another, just different.(此外,他们意识到新的文化既有好的方面也有不好的方面,绝没有一个比另一个好,只是不同而已)可推测,在对待文化冲击最好的态度就是:面临新文化的不同之处时,接受它就可以了。因为文化没有好坏之分,只是不同而已。C. When facing difference in a new culture, accept it.( 面临新文化的不同之处时,接受它)符合以上推测,故选C项。
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    Pinocchio may be just a children's fairy tale, but Spanish scientists at the University of Granada recently investigated the so-called ''Pinocchio effect'' and found that our noses don't grow when we tell a lie, but actually shrink a bit.

Dr. Emilio Gómez Milán and his team developed a lie detector test that used thermography to tell if people were lying, and found that whenever participants in their research were being untruthful, the temperature of the tips of their noses dropped up to 1.2, while the temperature of their forehead increased up to 1.5. Scientists also found that drop in temperature at nose level actually caused it to slightly shrink, although the difference is undetected by the human eye.

''One has to think in order to lie, which rises the temperature of the forehead, '' Dr. Gomez Milan explained the findings. ''At the same time we feel anxious, which lowers the temperature of the nose. ''

For this study, researchers asked a number of 60 students to perform various tasks while being scanned by thermal imaging technology. One of these tasks involved calling a 3 to 4 minutes call to their parents, partner or a friend and telling a significant lie. Participants had to devise the lie by themselves during the call, and the thermal cameras picked up this ''reverse Pinocchio effect'' caused by the fluctuation (起伏) in temperature in the nose and forehead.

Interestingly, the thermal lie doctor picked up the temperature difference in 80 percent of test subjects, which is a better rate of success than that of any modern lie doctor.

''With this method we have achieved to increase accuracy and reduce the occurrence of 'false positives', something that is frequently with other methods such as the polygraph (测谎仪) , '' said Dr. Emilio Gómez Milán, who added that law enforcement interviewers could one day combine other lie detection technology with thermal imaging to achieve better results.

The thermal lie doctor has been the most reliable in the world, 10% more than the popular polygraph.

1.Why does the author mention ''Pinocchio'' at the beginning?

A.To tell a fairy story B.To warn us not to lie.

C.To introduce a research. D.To inspire us to doubt old beliefs.

2.According to the research, what might happen if you tell a lie?

A.Your nose gets longer.

B.Your nose becomes smaller.

C.Your temperature gets higher.

D.Your temperature remains stable.

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B.Researchers design difference lies for participants.

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D.The thermal lie doctor may assist law enforcement.

4.Which might be the best title for the passage?

A.Will lie detectors tell the truth?

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    Your first big-screen experience is likely to have been Disney productions --- whether we are talking about Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs or Frozen --- that have long been considered safe, healthy choices for kids, and pictures that parents can feel they don’t need to screen in advance.

When you are a big person, a movie seen in a theatre is much larger than life; when you're a little person, it can be like a new entry opening in the universe. Those experiences matter, and Disney knows the power --- and the profit potential --- of what's in its values, which helps explain the studio's ongoing strategy of remaking its most popular animated films, often in live-action versions.

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Let's face it: Walt Disney Pictures is all about generating more revenue. Even though it did not manage to capture critics, it still managed to catch the audience's hearts. And that is more than enough. After all, films are not made to entertain critics; it's all about creating an ultimate cinematic experience for casual moviegoers. And as long as they're entertained with new interpretations of beloved stories, why stop making live-action films?

Inclusion

When you spend your entire childhood dancing and singing along to these characters, it's beyond magical to see them again when you’re an adult and are the same age as them. That's one of the few magical effects of movies. Not to mention, Aladdin's South Asian cast is also a strong statement for the world. Perhaps this is also the reason why Disney wants Mulan to have an all Asian cast. Let's hope they're not the only ones and Disney is bringing more diverse stories to be told.

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When you throw something in the trash, soon a garbage truck will come to take it away. Then where does it go? That depends on where you live. Different towns deal with trash in different ways.

Recycling

A recycling truck picks up paper, cardboard, metal, plastic and glass. These go to the recycling plant to be sorted and made into new things.

 

Incinerator

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Some trash gets buried in landfills. A landfill starts as a big hole. Trucks dump trash. Big earth movers push it into place and crush it down. They cover the trash with dirt to keep scavengers (食腐动物) away. The bottom of a landfills is lined with a barrier to keep bad things from leaking into the ground. Pipes drain away liquid. When the landfill is full, it’s covered with earth. It might become a park or lawn.

 

 

 

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