Youth is a stressful time from friends to school to families, and stressful situations become common. The body can respond (反应) with faster breathing, a fast beating heart, tense (绷紧的) muscles and drop of sweat. And teens who breathe polluted air appear to respond most strongly to stress, a new study shows.
Jonas Miller, a psychologist working at Stanford University ,studied whether or how air pollution might affect the body’s response to stress. Miller's team invited 144 teens to participate in a stressful test. Most of the kids lived in or near San Francisco,which has the worst air quality.
Before the test, the researchers used sensors(感测器) to record heart rates and sweat levels for five minutes as the kids rested. Then as the test began, a researcher read aloud the beginning of a story and the kids had five minutes to make up an exciting ending to the story. They would have to memorize their ending and present it aloud to a judge. After finishing this task, the kids were asked to do math problems, which obviously was a harder task. If he or she made a mistake, the judge let the student start over. The whole time, sensors recorded heart rates and sweat levels.
Miller found all the students had similar heart rates and sweat levels at rest. But as the test got difficult, differences began to appear. Kids from places with more air pollution responded more strongly to stress and their heartbeats became irregular. They sweated more than teens who lived in cleaner places.
"The teens' bodies were preparing to deal with possible challenges in the environment and such bodily responses to stress were linked to negative feelings", Miller concludes. Over time, he says, "these responses can contribute to both physical and mental health problems."
This study has proved the negative heath effects of air pollution among teenagers. Therefore, teenagers should try to avoid their exposure (暴露) to air pollution They should consider limiting their time outside during rush hour, especially on days when air pollution is particularly strong.
1.What happened to teens in stressful situations?
A.Their bodies react strongly.
B.Their muscles cause pain.
C.They become seriously sick.
D.They have trouble in breathing.
2.What can we learn about the test?
A.The judge of the test was strict with the kids.
B.The kids enjoyed making up endings of stories.
C.Those breathing polluted air doesn't have more stress in life.
D.The kids gradually felt more stress in the process.
3.From the study we can infer that tens should ____.
A.solve their mental heath problems
B.spend less time outside in heavy traffic
C.learn to deal with stressful situations
D.enjoy more outside activities in good weather
4.Where is the passage probably from?
A.A report on pollution. B.A geography book.
C.A psychologist's diary. D.A science magazine.
Bicycles are very popular around the world nowadays. People ride their bicycles for exercise and enjoyment. In some places, people use bicycles to get to work. In other places, bicycle riding is a very popular exercise to people who live in cities. But who invented the first bicycle?
In 1791, a Frenchman named Comte de Sivrac invented and owned the first bicycle. Mrs. Sivrac rode the bicycle in Paris. The handles and the seat were wooden. This bicycle was very difficult to move. A rider even had to pick up the front wheel to change direction. What's worse, the bicycle had no brakes for stopping or pedals for the feet! Riding a bicycle took great risk.
In 1817, a German named Baron von Drais de Sauerbrun made the first bicycle better. The seat became more comfortable. The wheel could now change direction. His ride in the forest took only one hour instead of three hours on foot, which surprised people at that time.
Sauerbrun brought this kind of bicycle from Germany to France. Then Denis Johnson, an Englishman, made a bicycle for women. It had space for their dresses to hang down. But these bicycles still had no brakes or pedals, and riders often got hurt. These bicycles and the people who rode them were not very popular.
It took another forty-five years for the bicycle to become popular. More than 100 years later, bicycle riding is more popular than ever. In fact, in India and China, there are still many more bicycles than cars.
1.According to the passage, people ride bicycles in order to ____ .
A.find good jobs B.take exercise
C.be liked by others D.live in cities
2.The first bicycle was ____.
A.difficult to move B.popular with women
C.comfortable to ride D.easy to change direction
3.The bicycle first became popular around ____.
A.1817 B.1836
C.1852 D.1862
4.What's the passage mainly about?
A.The reasons for riding a bike. B.The inventor of the bicycle.
C.The history of the bicycle. D.A very popular exercise.
Four apps to keep your life on track
From simple task scheduling to detailed task management, all these apps offer everything you need for efficient task recording.
Focuster
With Focuster, you just need to add all your tasks and the tool will arrange them immediately in order of importance. After adding all the tasks, just press the Now button and the tool will show the tasks you should be focusing on for the day.
TeuxDeux
This useful app lets you schedule and organize all your tasks for the whole week. Just add the tasks below the day column and you’re done. Want to move a task from one column to another? No worries. Its drag - and - drop interface (界面) lets you rearrange the task and add it to a different day ’ s column. Additionally, TeuxDeux lets you add repeating tasks for a day.
TickTick
TickTick allows you to add tasks, subtasks, custom reminders as well as deadlines for a day, a week, or a month. In order to provide you with more ease in task scheduling, TickTick offers a nice calendar view, where you can add or edit tasks on a weekly or daily basis. It also has experimental features, which you can turn on if you want to try out beta capabilities (测试功能).
Wunderlist
The app lets you create tasks, subtasks and allows you to share with your family, friends and colleagues. The whole app is designed in the most user — friendly way and offers you the ability to add deadlines, additional information and reminders.
1.To share your tasks with others，you’d prefer to choose ________.
A.Focuster. B.TeuxDeux
C.TickTick. D.Wunderlist.
2.What’s the similarity between TeuxDeux and TickTick?
A.They offer a beautiful calendar view.
B.They have great experimental features.
C.They can help organize tasks for a week.
D.They have a very user — friendly interface.
3.What benefit can you get from the four apps?
A.Completing your work more easily.
B.Obtaining everything you need faster.
C.Getting access to the Internet more quickly.
D.Organizing your activities more effectively.
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Located halfway up the Italy’s Apennine Mountain，about 1 00 miles northeast of Rome，the Hotel Rigopiano has never been easy to reach. But its isolation(隔绝)only adds to its appeal，attracting a great number of tourists.
Snow began to fall across the Apennines in January and lasted for days. From his home in the Rome suburbs，Matrone watched the weather with concern. He and his wife，Cicioni，had planned an overnight getaway to the hotel. But now he wondered whether they should go. After phoning the hotel，they decided to make the trip. By the time they neared the hotel six hours later，they were battling a snowstorm. When they finally arrived，they were both cold and exhausted. They checked into their room and went to bed early.
As they awoke the next day，they discovered that their difficulty had worsened overnight. The cars in the parking lot were invisible. The phone and power lines were down. They were having breakfast when the hotel began to shake. An earthquake with a magnitude(震级)of 5. 7 had struck the mountain. “Get out of here!”Matrone shouted to his wife. They headed quickly to the parking lot，where others were digging their cars. Fifteen minutes after the first earthquake，another quake hit，this one measuring 5. 6.
With a dozen vehicles freed by noon，the guests set off down the driveway. But when they reached the main road，the path was blocked by a six-foot-high wall of snow. Matrone climbed out of his car and investigated it. There was no road in sight，“We’re trapped!”he told his wife. So they had no choice but to make their way back to the hotel.
As it was getting dark，they managed to be back. That was when the snow on the mountain began to slide. They heard the avalanche(雪崩)before they saw it. The avalanche gathered speed and size，grabbing rocks and trees and anything else in its way down the mountain，tearing the hotel from its foundation. When the avalanche came to a stop，those caught inside the hotel were left buried in the icy rocks and ruins.
Para1， When Matrone came to himself，he was stuck in the darkness.
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Para 2 It was not until the next morning that the rescuers finally arrived.
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假定你是李华，因为疫情，你们学校延迟开学并采用网上授课的方法进行教学。你的英国朋友Oliver担心你并且想知道你这一阶段的学习。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.介绍上课方式和学习情况。2.你对此的感受。
参考词汇：novel coronavirus
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since Brad Ryan began to take grandma Joy on trips to the breathtaking landscapes of America, they 1. (go) through dozens of cross-country adventures.
In 2015, Brad Ryan visited his 85-year-old grandma 2. (live) a simple life on her own, and then he hoped that spending some quality family time with her would help to lift her spirits. When he told 3. (story) of his travels to his grandma, she regretted not seeing more of the world. Then Ryan invited his grandma 4. (hike) with him, and she accepted his idea 5. (cheerful). From then on, the pair travelled to 29 National Parks in total, and had many adventures along the way, 6. has even affected his way of life.
“Life for her now is a lot 7. (rich). It was the look in her eyes that impressed me a lot. "Ryan said , "I love my grandma. She has taught me how to live, I’ve learned to slow down and see the world in 8. different way. There are so many viewpoints and knowledge we can gain 9. our elders. Even if some day she does pass away, I can go back to these places to feel her spirit and feel 10. (connect) to her."
