Question

    Pinocchio may be just a children’s fairy tale, but Spanish scientists at the University of Granada recently investigated this so-called “Pinocchio effect” and found that our noses don’t grow when we tell a lie, but actually shrink a bit.

Dr. Gómez Milán and his team developed a lie detector test that used thermography（体温计）to tell if people were lying, and found that whenever participants in their research were being untruthful, the temperature of the tip of their nose dropped up to 1.2℃, while the temperature of their forehead increased up to 1.5℃. Scientist also found that drop in temperature at nose level actually caused it to slightly shrink, although the difference is undetected by the human eye.

“One has to think in order to lie, which rises the temperature of the forehead,” Dr. Gómez Milán explained the findings. “At the same time we feel anxious, which lowers the temperature of the nose.”

For this study, researchers asked a number of 60 students to perform various tasks while their temperature is scanned by technology. One of these tasks required making a 3 to 4 minutes call to their parents or a friend and telling a significant lie. Participants had to make up the lie themselves during the call. Interestingly, this lie detector picked up the “Pinocchio effect” temperature difference in 80 percent of the test subjects, which is a better rate of success than that of any modern lie detector.

“With this method we have achieved to increase accuracy”, said Dr. Gómez Milán, who added that law enforcement interviewers could one day combine other lie detection technology with thermal imaging to achieve better results.

1.Why does the writer talk about Pinocchio in the first paragraph?

A.To tell a fairy tale. B.To give an example.

C.To talk about a scientist. D.To introduce the topic.

2.What is “Pinocchio effect”?

A.Our noses will grow when we tell a lie.

B.Our noses will shrink when we tell a lie.

C.The temperature of the forehead falls if we lie.

D.The temperature of the student rises for anxiety.

3.How did Dr. Gómez Milán feel about the lie detector?

A.Doubtful. B.Surprised.

C.Confident. D.Puzzled.

4.What lesson can we learn from the text?

A.A lie will travel very hard. B.Many ways to bring a liar to light.

C.A lie never lives to be old. D.Once a liar always a liar.

Answer

1.D

2.B

3.C

4.B

【解析】

本文是说明文。文章通过提到“匹诺曹效应”引入话题介绍了一种红外热像测谎仪，这种仪器现在已经被认为是世界上最可信的测谎仪。

1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Pinocchio may be just a children’s fairy tale, but Spanish scientists at the University of Granada recently investigated this so-called “Pinocchio effect” and found that our noses don’t grow when we tell a lie, but actually shrink a bit.”可知，《匹诺曹》也许只是一个讲给孩子听的童话，不过，西班牙格拉纳达大学的科学家最近研究了所谓的“匹诺曹效应”，结果发现，我们在说谎时鼻子不会变大，而是会缩小一点。由此判断出作者在第一段中谈到“匹诺曹”的目的是引入“匹诺曹效应”的研究话题。故选D。

2.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Spanish scientists at the University of Granada recently investigated this so-called “Pinocchio effect” and found that our noses don’t grow when we tell a lie, but actually shrink a bit.”可知，西班牙科学家最近对这种所谓的“匹诺曹效应”进行了研究，发现我们在说谎时鼻子不会变大，而是会缩小一点。故选B。

3.推理判段题。根据第四段中的“Interestingly, this lie detector picked up the “Pinocchio effect” temperature difference in 80 percent of the test subjects, which is a better rate of success than that of any modern lie detector.”和最后一段中的““With this method we have achieved to increase accuracy”, said Dr. Gómez Milán,”可知，有趣的是，该测谎仪在80％的测试对象中发现了“匹诺曹效应”温差，与任何现代测谎仪相比，其成功率更高。Dr. Gómez Milá说：“通过这种方法，我们已经达到了提高准确性的目的。”由此判断出，Gómez Milá博士对测谎仪的作用很有信心。故选C。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“... said Dr. Gómez Milán, who added that law enforcement interviewers could one day combine other lie detection technology with thermal imaging to achieve better results.”可知，Dr. Gómez Milán补充说，执法人员可能有一天可以将其他测谎技术与热成像技术相结合，以获得更好的结果。因此可推知，揭露谎言的方法有很多。故选B。