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Like a tired marriage, the relationship ...

    Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been dull. E- books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital wares, but many publishers are too cautious about piracy(盗版) and lost sales to co-operate. Among the big six, only Random House and Harper Collins license e-books with most libraries.

Publishers are wise to be nervous. Owners of e-readers(电子阅读器) are exactly the customers they need: book-lovers with money. If these people switch to borrowing e-books instead of buying them, what then? Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from where you live book files can be downloaded at home. The files disappear from the device when they are due.

E-lending is not simple, however. There are lots of different and often incompatible(不兼容的) e-book formats, devices and licenses. Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, which secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audio files in every format. Yet publishers and libraries are worried by Over Drive’s global market dominance(优势), as the company can control fees and conditions. Publishers were annoyed when OverDrive cooperated with Amazon, the world’s biggest online bookseller, last year. Owners of Amazon’s Kindle e-reader who want to borrow e-books from libraries are now redirected to Amazon’s website, where they must use their Amazon account to secure a loan.

According to Pew, an opinion researcher, library users are a perfect market for Amazon. Late last year Amazon introduced its Kindle Owners’ Lending Library, which lets its best customers borrow free one of thousands of popular books each month.

Library supporters argue that book borrowers are also book buyers and that libraries are vital spaces for readers to discover new works. Many were cheered by a recent Pew survey»which found that more than half of Americans with library cards say they prefer to buy their e-books.

So publishers keep adjusting their lending arrangements in search of the right balance.

Random House raised its licensing price’s earlier this year, and Harper Collins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times.

1.It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that ________.

A.several big publishers have sold e-books to libraries

B.most publishers are hesitant to cooperate with libraries

C.libraries are eager to keep strong relationship with publishers

D.libraries and publishers face the same problem of e-books’ piracy

2.Why are publishers worried that people will switch to electronic borrowing?

A.E-books must be checked out and returned to libraries regularly.

B.There is no time limit for the book files downloaded on the device.

C.There are lots of different and incompatible e-book formats available.

D.Book sales may drop sharply because of convenient electronic borrowing.

3.We can learn from the text that ________.

A.Amazon is adopting measures to win more customers

B.e-books can be lent at libraries as many times as you like

C.Over Drive distributes e-books and audio files to publishers

D.over half of Americans are borrowing e-boo from libraries

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.The Hopeful Future of Publishing Business

B.The Uncertain Economics of Lending E-books

C.The Dull Relationship between Libraries and Publishers

D.The Close Cooperation between OverDrive and Amazon

 

1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了电子借阅经济的不确定性。 1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“but many publishers are too cautious about piracy(盗版)and lost sales to co-operate.”可知,大多数出版商对盗版和销售损失过于谨慎,不愿与图书馆合作,故B项正确。 2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from where you live, book files can be downloaded at home.”可知,电子借阅非常方便,因此推断,出版商担心人们会转向图书借阅是因为图书销售可能会因为方便的电子借阅而急剧下降,故D项正确。 3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Late last year Amazon introduced its Kindle Owners' Lending Library, which lets its best customers borrow free one of thousands of popular books each month.”可知,去年晚些时候,亚马逊推出了Kindle用户借阅图书馆,让最优秀的客户每月免费借阅数千本畅销书中的一本,由此可知,亚马逊正在采取措施来赢得更多的客户,故A项正确。 4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文由出版商和图书馆的关系入手,介绍了虽然电子借阅很方便,但大多数出版商不愿与图书馆合作,拒绝授予图书馆电子书的许可,使电子借阅经济难以预料,也就是介绍了电子借阅经济的不确定性,故B项正确。
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    A recent study questions whether placing attention on economic growth is the best way to improve child nutrition in low-and middle-income countries. Subu is a professor at the Harvard School of Public Health in Massachusetts. He says there is a common belief on the best way to improve child health in developing countries. He puts it this way: “Let’s just go after economic growth and then everything else will just follow.” But he says that is not always true.

Take India for example. A common measure of a country’s economic health is GDP (gross domestic product). India’s GDP has been growing by more than five percent a year. That is a higher growth rate than most Western countries. Yet more than two-fifths of India’s children are underweight. And Subu says, the percentage of underweight children has changed little since the early 1990s. He and other researchers asked a question, “Was economic growth failing to benefit children in countries other than India?” They looked at health surveys carried out since 1990 in 36 low-and middle-income countries, mostly South of Africa’s Sahara Desert. The researchers compared the effect of GDP growth and signs of child malnutrition-like physical weakness, slow growth and being underweight. But the researchers found only a small relationship.

The group reported their findings in the Journal Lancet Global Health. Subu says money should be spent on clear water, waste-treatment system and other programs. “Without these directing measures, what we are seeing is that economic growth by itself is not making much difference,” said Subu.

But that is not how Lawrence Haddad sees the case. He is head of the Institute of Development Studies in Britain. Lawrence Haddad says malnutrition has dropped sharply over the past 20 years in countries like Vietnam, Ghana or Brazil. He says economic growth was responsible for half of those declines. “The other half is because of improvements in water, health systems and nutrition programs,” said Haddad.

1.Why does the author take India for example?

A.To stress the importance of GDP.

B.To arouse reader’s interest in the topic.

C.To prove economic growth can’t improve child nutrition.

D.To show India has a higher growth rate than most Western countries.

2.What does the underlined word “malnutrition” in paragraph 2 mean?

A.Lacking nutrition. B.Getting nutrition.

C.Providing nutrition. D.Wasting nutrition.

3.Which statement is true according to the passage?

A.Two-fifths of India’s children are underweight.

B.Economic growth only fails to benefit children in India.

C.Lawrence Haddad looked at health surveys carried out since 1990.

D.Subu believed economic growth itself could hardly make a difference.

4.What is Lawrence Haddad’s attitude toward Subu’s findings?

A.Supportive. B.Disapproving.

C.Unconcerned. D.Doubtful.

 

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    The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd. When 1 stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949, I was a nine-year-old war refugee, who had lost his mother and was coming to live with the father he did not know. My mother, Eleni Gatzoyiannis, had been imprisoned and shot for sending my sisters and me to freedom.

I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior High. Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during“club hours.” The idea of hobbies and clubs made no sense to my immigrant ears, but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class. She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd, the school newspaper adviser and English teacher.

A tough woman with salt-and pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazy bones. She drilled us in grammar, assigned stories for us to read and discuss, and eventually taught us how to put out a newspaper. Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins. Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language. Owing to her inspiration, during my next twenty-five years, I became a, journalist by profession.

Miss Hurd retired at the age of 62. By then, she had taught for a total of 41 years. Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire.

Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn't have become & reporter. She was the one who sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after.

1.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

A.Hobbies and clubs did not interest the author.

B.The author turned a deaf ear to joining clubs.

C.Hobbies and clubs were inaccessible to immigrants like the author.

D.The author had no idea what hobbies and clubs were all about.

2.Which of the following caused the author to think of his homeland differently?

A.Stepping on the American soil for the first time.

B.Being exposed to Greek literary works.

C.Her mother's miserable death.

D.Following the prettiest girl in his class.

3.It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that

A.Miss Hurd employed a unique way to handle these students.

B.Miss Hurd's contribution was recognized across the nation.

C.Students from troubled homes preferred Miss Hurd's teaching style.

D.The students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired.

4.What is the text mainly about?

A.How the author became a journalist.

B.The importance of inspiration in one's life.

C.The teacher who shaped the author's life.

D.Factors contributing to a successful career.

 

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    With the lure (诱惑) of high salaries and strong job prospects, a lot of students enter college thinking they will major in engineering. If you think engineering might be a good choice for you, a summer engineering program is a great way to learn more about the field and expand your experiences. Below are some excellent summer engineering programs.

Johns Hopkins Engineering Innovation

This introductory engineering course for rising juniors and seniors is offered by Johns Hopkins University at several locations across the country. Engineering Innovation teaches critical thinking and applied problem-solving skills for future engineers through lectures, research and projects. If the student achieves an A or B in the program, they will also receive three transferable credits from Johns Hopkins University. The program runs for four or five days a week over four to five weeks, depending on the location. Most locations offer commuter programs only, but the Johns Hopkins Homewood campus in Baltimore also offers a residential option.

Minority Introduction to Engineering and Science (MITES)

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Summer Engineering Exploration Camp

Hosted by the University of Michigan, this program is a one-week residential camp for rising high school sophomores, juniors and seniors interested in engineering. Participants have the opportunity to explore several different areas of engineering during engineering workplace tours, group projects, and presentations by students, faculty and professional engineers. Campers also enjoy recreational events and experience a university residential atmosphere in the University of Michigan dorms.

Exploring Your Options at the University of Illinois

This residential summer engineering camp for rising high school juniors and seniors is offered by the Worldwide Youth in Science and Engineering program, headquartered at the University of Illinois. Campers have the chance to interact with engineering students and faculty, visit engineering facilities and research labs at the university, and work together on hands-on engineering projects. Students also participate in traditional camp recreational and social activities. The camp runs for two one-week sessions during June and July.

1.Which of the following programs lasts longest?

A. Johns Hopkins Engineering Innovation

B. Minority Introduction to Engineering and Science

C. Summer Engineering Exploration Camp

D. Exploring Your Options at the University of Illinois

2.If you choose the program of MIT, you will ________.

A. pay a visit to fabulous research labs

B. have the chance to win a scholarship

C. enjoy recreational activities with faculty

D. experience a university residential atmosphere

3.This passage may be intended for ________.

A. engineering majors B. professional engineers

C. high school students D. scientifically gifted children

 

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请看下面漫画以及李明的两篇日记,用英语写一篇短文。

(写作内容)

1.用约30个单词概述上述两篇日记的内容

2,用约120个单词发表你的观点,

内容包括:(1)陈述上述两篇日记及漫画所反映的何题;

(2)结合自身实际,谈谈日记及漫画给你的启示 .

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A.词数150左右。

B.作文中不得提及考生所在班级和本人姓名。

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

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请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入个最恰当的单词。

注意:每个空格只填1个单词,请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。

What lies behind the “pay-for-knowledge" boom?

Have you ever paid for educational live videos? Ask a woman on the street and the chances are that she will say yes. These years has seen China's ride on the peak of a trend—"pay-for-knowledge", a new economy that is popular in its prosperity. The content of its products ranges from economics, psychology, and finance to skills of talking, body-building, and baby-caring.

Then what accounts for this craze on “knowledge” First of all, the Internet serves as a precondition. Compared with traditional business models, online business has removed the barriers. With a fast network and a smartphone, anyone having passed the identity check upon online platforms can apply to be an online teacher, and anyone with an online account can pay  for “knowledge products,, he/she wants at an affordable price. Meanwhile, in this age of information, a fear of missing out is generated by information explosion. On one hand, there is ever more desire for focused information that is useful and relevant. On the other hand, such information is usually at the hands of professionals and experts serving well-known companies and schools with high walls.

Admittedly, this “knowledge-based" payment fashion has proved to be profitable. With regard to the whole society, information is motivated to flow relatively free and, to some extent, complete control of information is broken. Besides, as a new industry, this economy insert vigor (活力)into the development of our country. Sellers can reap rich profits from it; buyers can enjoy self-growth and a broader horizon. Plus, this is also a reflection of respect for knowledge and talents. It promises possibilities of turning information into income.

As with all the new industry, however, the "pay-for-knowledge" boom betrays a few problems. For one thing, the market is full of exaggerated slogans, which sound like once you pay for it, you are sure to succeed immediately. Also, most “knowledge" products cannot be counted as knowledge at all. For another, a number of consumers believe such nonsense and buy them just for showing off. It is a pity for them not to understand that in essence, to digest knowledge-based commodities requires a long-term investment of time and energy, as well as the ability to learn by oneself.

On balance, the best is the one that suits you best. Knowledge-based payment should be used as a good start for individual exploration rather than a clutch at straws to save your life. Be careful. Otherwise, great expectation may turn out to be daydreams.

Passage outline

Supporting details

General introduction

♦“Pay-for-knowledge" refers to a new economy which is now enjoying 1. and prosperity in China.

♦ The content of its products 2. many areas of our life.

3. for

the craze

♦The fast network and smartphone make it possible for people to get 4. in online business.

♦ People are afraid to miss the information that is useful and relevant.

5.

♦People are relatively free to 6.  information with others.

♦This economy can 7. the development of our country.

♦It reflects people's respect for knowledge and talents.

problems

♦ The market doesn't always provide  8. information, which may mislead consumers.

♦A number of consumers buy the products blindly. Actually, they can hardly invest so much time and energy to digest, and they 9. the ability to learn by themselves.

conclusion

People shouldn't 10. too much from knowledge-based payment and the best is the one that suits you best.

 

 

 

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