阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Beep!” This is one of the most maddening computer games I’ve ever played. I’ m tracking a flock of birds, and when I hit1.right one, it explodes with a 2.(satisfy) “phut” sound. But as I get better at spotting them, the birds scatter even more3. (crazy) across the screen, and I hear that unforgiving “beep” sound: You missed.
Frankly, I, as a middle-aged gentleman, feel like giving up. But many players don’t dare4.this is Hawk-Eye, a brain-training program which claims it can 5.(sharp) people’s brain by simply getting faster at mouse-clicking. Formal tests have found that older people 6.play enough hours of this particular kind of game have fewer car7.(crash) and even, apparently, a 8.(low) risk of dementia (痴呆症).
Until recently, we thought that the brain cells we were born9. were a lifetime quota (定量)and that brains became fixed in adulthood. But in the past decade, with the help of MRI scans and experiments on mice and monkeys, scientists10.(confirm) that the human brain remains plastic throughout life.
Imagine an area 34 times the size of Manhattan. Now imagine it covered ankle-deep in plastic waste.That’s a total of about 19 billion pounds of_______. And according to one of the best estimates available, that’s how much plastic waste_______in our oceans every year.
"We're being_______by our waste,” said Jenna Jam beck, an/a _______engineer who led the 2015 study that announced this shocking number. According to Jambeck’s research, this_______will double by 2025 unless something is done,_______and at a global scale, to stop the tide of garbage.
Plastic has in many ways been a good help to humanity, used in all walks of _______from medical equipment to parts of airplanes. _______some of the very traits (特性)that have made plastics so popular have also made them a_______ problem in our landfills and oceans. Today， plastics are the No. 1 type of trash found in the sea. Ocean Conservancy, a nonprofit environmental advocacy group that organizes a yearly________cleanup event in more than 150 countries worldwide, said plastic pieces ________around 85 percent of all the garbage collected from beaches waterways and oceans — and that’s just the stuff we can ________.
Ocean Conservancy says plastics are believed to ________at least 600 different wildlife ________. One in three leatherback turtles, which often ________plastic bags for edible(可吃的) jellyfish, have been found with plastic in their bellies. In 2017, a ________ whale beached on Norway’s coast had 30 plastic bags in its________. Ninety percent of seabirds are now eating ________on a regular basis. By 2050, that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent.
And it’s not ________ wildlife that’s threatened by the plastics in our seas. A growing body of evidence suggests humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat.
With this in mind，experts say that all of us have a ________role to play in relieving the issue — in ways both big and small.
1.A.seaweed B.seafood C.garbage D.money
2.A.comes from B.ends up C.takes out D.put away
3.A.trapped B.controlled C.surrounded D.destroyed
4.A.medical B.technical C.agricultural D.environmental
5.A.figure B.waste C.price D.cost
6.A.swiftly B.slowly C.hurriedly D.unexpectedly
7.A.time B.education C.technology D.life
8.A.While B.So C.But D.And
9.A.changing B.growing C.moving D.touching
10.A.scientific B.coastal C.general D.tiny
11.A.picks up B.takes up C.makes up D.brings up
12.A.see B.eat C.hide D.search
13.A.influence B.damage C.increase D.threaten
14.A.plants B.animals C.protection D.species
15.A.mistake B.look C.regard D.recognize
16.A.vivid B.deadly C.dead D.lively
17.A.mouth B.stomach C.head D.tail
18.A.waste B.rubbish C.nothing D.plastics
19.A.just B.always C.really D.constantly
20.A.unique B.critical C.reasonable D.natural
Getting along with people can be tough. The following are some suggestions that can help you in some way.
Accept human nature. Humans make mistakes. People aren’t always nice. They also have all of the problems that you have in your life. 1.This is important to remember when you’ re trying to get along with people who are very difficult or seem to be ignoring you; everyone is just doing the best that they can.
2. People are all very different: that’s what makes life interesting. And just like people are all different, the world is also very complex. Every situation is different, always. Just because someone doesn’t make the choice that you would make or just because they take a less efficient or smart path to get where they’re going doesn’t make them wrong.
Practice forgiveness. Forgive people when they do make mistakes. Sometimes you just have to stop and give people the benefit of the doubt (to believe someone even though you are not sure whether what the person is saying is true). They might really be sorry or they might really not know that what they did was bad. 3.
Keep an open mind. Sometimes you have to give people the benefit of the doubt. 4.For example, when people invite you to parties, really consider going instead of just brushing the invitation aside because you don’t think they’re serious.
Do something together. 5.You can work together on a project for school or work. You can also try a new activity together. These activities will give you more to talk about and lots of chances to interact and get to know each other.
A.Think about what your words really mean.
B.Respect that there are lots of valid choices.
C.Everyone is dealing with their own set of problems.
D.Co-operation is a great way to bond with people and make friends.
E.You have to forgive them so that you can move on to happier feelings.
F.You might think that they hate you but they might be honestly trying to be nice to you.
G.Even when someone’s making you mad, thank them for their suggestions or their effort to
Many people avoid apologizing because admitting to wrongdoing makes them uncomfortable. “We like to view ourselves as good people-as kind and considerate,” says Ryan Fehr, a professor at the University of Washington. “Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don't always live up to our own standards. We might also fear that the victim won't accept our apology, further damaging our positive sense of self. For these reasons, an apology can be very difficult to give.”
For many, apologizing is stressful, awkward and uncomfortable. But a heartfelt apology has positive effects. It can improve your mental health, repair damaged relationships and promote self-esteem. “Apology acts as a signal of one's moral character,” Fehr says.
Researchers at Ohio State University have determined that effective apologies have five elements: expressing regret, explaining what went wrong, acknowledging responsibility, offering to repair the situation and requesting forgiveness. All five aren't necessary every time. “The more of those elements were included, the more likely the apology was seen as convincing,” says Roy Lewicki, the lead study author. “Acknowledgement of responsibility turned out to be the most important piece, followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.”
“Sometimes, an immediate apology is called for,” says Antony Manstead, a psychology professor at Cardiff University. “But if the other party is angry at your wrongdoing, it may be more effective to wait, because their anger may stop them accepting an apology. Some research suggests that a delay increases an apology's effectiveness because it conveys that the wrongdoer has had time to reflect on. his/her misdeeds,” says Mara Olekalns, a professor of management at Melbourne Business School. “The best time to apologize is when one feels ready to sincerely apologize,” says Etienne Mullet, research director of the Ethics and Work Laboratory at the Institute of Advanced Studies. “There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies.”
1.Why do many people feel uncomfortable to apologize?
A.They are kind and considerate people. B.They are afraid of losing face.
C.They believe themselves right. D.They have high moral standards.
2.What is the most important when it comes to making an effective apology?
A.To express regret. B.To express what went wrong.
C.To accept responsibility. D.To request forgiveness.
3.What can be inferred about an apology from the last paragraph?
A.The sooner, the better. B.The later, the better.
C.The more often, the better. D.The more genuine, the better.
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A.How you can make an effective apology. B.Why people avoid apologizing.
C.What benefits you can get from an apology. D.When you can make a heartfelt apology.
A new wave of psychological research is pioneering Virtual Reality (VR) to treat medical conditions from social anxiety to Alzheimer's disease.
Riding a wave of interest in mental health tech, companies creating VR content for treatment are receiving a flood of attention and funding. And, while VR has been used successfully to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) since the 1990s, these new programs address a much broader range of conditions. The library of Palo Alto-based Limbix, for instance, includes VR content designed to treat issues including alcohol addiction and teenage depression. Barcelona-based Psious offers treatments for eating disorders.
Today's VR content is primarily designed to aid exposure treatment, a treatment for anxiety disorders in which patients are exposed to the “threats” they're worried about in a safe, controlled environment, eventually learning that the “threats” are not actually very dangerous. For example, someone who fears heights might visit taller and taller buildings under the guidance of their doctor, while someone with PTSD might revisit painful memories.
VR allows doctors to create a safe and controlled environment inside a VR headset. It's a far safer, quicker and less expensive option. Using VR also gives doctors much more control over the intensity(强度)of their patients' experiences, which can lead to better treatment outcomes, said Stephane Bouchard, a professor at the University of Quebec. VR treatment patients can also do things they couldn't do in the real world. “In one of our studies, we asked patients who are afraid of heights to actually jump from a cliff,” Bouchard said.
However, not all VR treatment content is created equal. “Some companies show videos of VR environments that are incomplete, untested and definitely haven't been tried out by psychologists,” Bouchard said. Clearer rules and standards will make it easier for patients and doctors to identify products that work.
1.What problems can VR be used to treat according to the passage?
A.The fear of heights, blood pressure and eating disorders.
B.Social anxiety, PTSD and alcohol addiction.
C.Alzheimer's disease, heart attack and teenage depression.
D.Sleeping disorders, deafness and computer addiction.
2.What is the main idea of Para 4?
A.The benefits of using VR treatment. B.The principles of using V R treatment.
C.The side effects of using VR treatment. D.The causes of using VR treatment.
3.Which word can be used to describe the future of VR treatment?
A.Passive. B.Uncertain. C.Promising. D.Worrying.
4.What will be most probably discussed in the paragraph following the passage?
A.Wide use of VR treatment. B.Criteria of VR treatment.
C.Problems VR treatment are facing. D.Reasons why VR treatment standards are needed.
I am a putterer—a person spending a lot of time doing things people usually consider unimportant in a relaxed way. However, I don’t think puttering is wasting my time. It is a satisfying way of dealing with one’s domestic environment in a way one cannot do with the world at large.
As a father, I’ve had a difficult time communicating this to my college-age son. Tom recently bought a used car. I was proud of him for negotiating a good deal. When I looked it over, I noticed a tiny spot of rust (锈). Like a superhero out to save the day, I rushed toward the imperfection with a piece of sandpaper and a small bottle of clear nail polish from my puttering resources. Tom watched as I sanded the spot and then coated it with the nail polish. He rolled his eyes. ''You'll understand someday,” I told him.
As a rule, I do not usually conduct such public performances. Puttering is, in brief, a solitary(独自进行的) act, and putterers are modest people. They observe small things that most folks simply tolerate ---- a picture hung not in a straight position, a door not shutting well, a shaky table leg ... It doesn't take much effort or time to right such deficiencies. But once again, there is something in the sensibility of the putterer that makes correcting them deeply rewarding.
All of this risks giving an impression of endless, and perhaps mindless activity. But nothing could be further from the truth. The beauty of puttering is that it is a symbol of having control over one’s time, responding to the needs of one’s home as one sees fit: If I don’t fix the shaky kitchen table today, I can do it tomorrow, or the next day, or not at all. Puttering, you might say, has set me free.
1.Which of the following best describes Tom’s attitude toward his father’s puttering?
A.Disapproval. B.Admiration.
C.Gratitude. D.Embarrassment.
2.What do we know about the author?
A.He is extremely strict with his son. B.He shows interest in collecting old things.
C.He has an observing eye for small things. D.He often overlooks others’ imperfections.
3.Which of the following word is closest in meaning to the underlined word “deficiencies” in paragraph 3?
A.Consequences. B.Obstacles.
C.Inconveniences. D.Drawbacks.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.The Benefits of Puttering B.My Enjoyment of Puttering
C.Puttering，Wasting Time D.Puttering, My Daily Life
