New research has found that young adults who smoke both tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes appear to have a higher risk of stroke than those who only smoke tobacco.
Carried out by researchers at George Mason University, the new study looked at 161,529 participants aged 18 to 44 years of age, who were surveyed about their cigarette and e-cigarette use.
The researchers also calculated the participants’ risk of experiencing a stroke, taking into account factors such as how much participants smoked, high blood pressure, diabetes, cholesterol levels, body mass index and physical activity levels.
The findings, published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, showed that the participants who smoked cigarettes and used e-cigarettes were nearly two times more likely to have a stroke compared to current cigarette — only smokers, and nearly three times more likely than non-smokers.
The team also found that participants who used only e-cigarettes had a lower risk of stroke than those who smoked only tobacco cigarettes. In fact, those who used e-cigarettes on their own did not have a significantly greater risk of stroke than non-smokers.
However, the researchers failed to find any clear benefit from switching from cigarette smoking to using e-cigarettes, even though many people believe that e-cigarettes are a “healthy” alternative to cigarettes, and a way to help smokers kick the habit. They also noted that the nicotine dependence and toxicity associated with e-cigarettes is worrying, particularly among young adults who smoke them for fun and the range of flavors.
“It’s long been known that smoking cigarettes is among the most significant risk factors for stroke. Our study shows that young smokers who also use e-cigarettes put themselves at an even greater risk,” explained lead investigator Tarang Parekh, MBBS, MSc. “This is an important message for young smokers who perceive e-cigarettes as less harmful ones and consider them a safer alternative.We have begun understanding the health impact of e-cigarettes and concomitant cigarette smoking, and it’s not good.”
“Our findings demonstrate an additive harmful effect of e-cigarettes on smokers’ blood vessels, hearts and brains,” explained Parekh.
“Consider this study as a wake-up call for young vapers, clinicians, and healthcare policymakers. There is an urgency to regulate such products to avoid economic and population heath consequences and a critical need to conduct further research on the benefits and risks of smoking cessation altermatives,” warned Parekh.
1.What does the text belong to?
A.A science fiction. B.A news report.
C.A short story. D.A public announcement.
2.What can we know about the participants?
A.A few elderly people were surveyed.
B.Some of them are non smokers .
C.All of them use cigarettes and e-cigarettes.
D.They have a lower risk of stroke than others .
3.What does the underlined word “perceive” in Paragraph 7 mean?
A.Think. B.Practise.
C.Predict. D.Receive.
4.What did the the new research find?
A.Smoking cigarettes is among the most significant risk factors for stroke.
B.E-cigarettes are a “healthy” alternative to cigarettes.
C.Smoking both tobacco and e-cigarettes can make young adults at an greater risk of stroke.
D.It is beneficial to switch from cigarette smoking to using e-cigarettes.
Mr. Buxton taught me Shakespeare in 10th grade. We were reading Macbeth. Mr. Buxton, who probably had better things to do, nonetheless agreed to meet one night to go over the text line by line. The first thing he did was point out the repetition of themes. For example, the reversals of things.
What Mr. Buxton didn’t tell me was what the play meant. He left the conclusions to me. The situation was much the same with my religious studies teacher in 11th grade, Mr. Flanders, who encouraged me to have my own relationship with the Gospels.
High school was followed by college, where I read Umberto Eco’s The Role of the Reader, in which it is said that the reader completes the text, that the text is never finished until it meets this voracious (渴求的) and engaged reader. The open texts, Eco calls them. In college, I read some of the great Europeans and Latin Americans: Borges and Kafka, Genet and Beckett, Artaud, Proust-open texts all. I may not have known why Kafka’s Metamorphosis is about a guy who turns into a bug: but I knew that some said cockroach, and others, European dung beetle.
There are those critics, of course, who insist that there are right ways and wrong ways to read every book. No doubt they arrived at these beliefs through their own adventures in the stacks. And these are important questions for philosophers of every stripe. And yet I know only what joy and enthusiasm about reading have taught me, in bookstores new and used.
There is not now and never will be an authority who can tell me how to interpret, how to read, how to find the pearl of literary meaning in all cases.
Supposing the truth is not hard, fast, masculine, simple, direct? You could spend a lifetime thinking about this sentence ,and making it your own. In just this way, the freedom to see literature,history, truth unfolding ahead of me like a book whose spine has just now been cracked.
1.When did the author begin to read Shakespeare’s work?.
A.In primary school. B.In 11th grade.
C.In secondary school. D.In college.
2.What can we know about The Role of the Reader from the text?
A.It w as written by the readers.
B.It is about a guy turning into a bug.
C.It insists that the reader completes the text.
D.Some great Europeans and Latin Americans wrote it together.
3.What is the main reason of the author loving reading?
A.Being an excellent student.
B.Mr. Buxton’s teaching method.
C.The joy and enthusiasm from his reading.
D.His admiration for literature masters like Shakespeare.
4.What can be inferred about the author from the text?
A.He has a preference for the open texts.
B.Shakespeare is his favorite.
C.He is naturally talented in reading.
D.He is also a famous literary critic.
The annual Dongyue Temple Fair of Mount Tai will be held during April 29-May 6 at Dai Temple in Tai’an. Here are some items visitors may love.
Performances
From April 29 to May 6, performances of martial arts (武术), traditional music, Chinese folk art forms and local operas will be put on stage. Visitors can lift their spirits by watching long boxing and nunchakus (双节棍) performances or listening to the music played by guqin, a seven-stringed zither, and the bamboo flute.
Folk-custom activities
Visitors to the temple fair can also enjoy themselves by admiring folk-custom activities held from April 29 to May 6.
There will be exhibitions of traditional handicrafts and paper cutting works that were collected and selected by non-governmental organizations. Performers will also show traditional Chinese costumes at a garden party.
Cultural activities
If the visitors want to enjoy the cultural atmosphere at the temple fair, they can get a close look at bamboo engraving art at Peitian Gate where more than 70 pieces of engraving art are exhibited from April 28 to May 22.
Trade activities
If people want to buy Mount Tai specialties, they won’t be disappointed, for trade shows will be held during the temple fair. Tea, tourism products, donkey-hide-gelatin, rare stones and root carvings will be showed and on sale.
1.How many days will bamboo engraving art be exhibited?
A.6. B.8.
C.22. D.25.
2.What can visitors enjoy in folk-custom activities?
A.Martial arts. B.Local opera.
C.Paper-cutting works. D.Chinese paintings.
3.What does the part of “Trade activities” tell us?
A.The products are for display only.
B.You can get to know many new products.
C.Visitors can purchase some local products on the shows.
D.Don’t buy products on show, or you will be disappointed.
假如你是班长李华，你们班准备参加学校下个月举办的“英文话剧比赛”（English Drama Contest），但尚未确定参演剧目，请你给外教Louis写封邮件，内容包括：
1.活功意义；
2.征求建议；
3.请其指导。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。.
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。.
“Who would like this $20 bill!?" a well-known speaker asked, held up a $20 bill. Hand started going up. He said, "I am going to give them to one of you and first, let me do this." He left it on the ground and deliberate stepped on it with his shoe again and again. He picked it up, now covering with dirt. Still the hands were up in air. Because it did not decrease in value and was still worth of $20.
Many times in your lives, dropped and thrown into the dirt by the decisions you make and the circumstances and the difficulties that comes your way, you may feel as though you are worthless. But you are still priceless to your family members, that love you and depend on you.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditionally, we Chinese attach great importance to our hometown and are often1.（willing）to migrate to other places. However, in present times, in particular after the reform and opening-up policy was introduced, more and more people fancy2.（settle）down in more developed cities just as my family members did.
My parents were both born in Sichuan. In 1963, a time when3.（graduate）were assigned（分配）jobs by the government, my father received a job in Beijing. After I was born in 1969, my parents went to work in Xinjiang.
In the 1980s, Chinese society4.（fill）with hope, and people worked hard to achieve their dreams. So did my family. In 1988, admitted5.Renmin University of China. I went to Beijing. It took me 72 hours by train6.（travel）from Xinjiang to Beijing, with7.distance of over 3,770 kilometers. In 1990, my brother also passed the entrance examination and was enrolled in a university in Guangzhou,8.he now lives and works.
Recalling the changes over the past four decades, 1 think9.（improve）transportation is very important to our family. The long distance kept us apart most of the time. Today, the speed and methods of transportation have been improved a lot, which has10.（entire）transformed our life and can bring us together easily.
