Aberdeen
Lying along the northeast coast, Aberdeen is bordered by Royal Deeside and Cairngorms National Park to the west and wonderful sea views to the east.
In Aberdeen you can feel the richness of the city’s history all around you, from the traditional Doric accent of local residents (居民) to the beautiful granite (花岗岩) buildings along the streets.
Impressive architecture
Aberdeen is well-known all over the globe because of its granite buildings and monuments. To the north of the city center, the stone streets and historic university buildings of Old Aberdeen are steeped (浸透) in history, while to the east — by the harbor — the fishing quarter is packed with tiny cottages and colorful gardens.
At the harbor
This is a city where you can walk from the city center to the harbor in minutes — and you have a high chance of seeing dolphins (海豚) playing in the waters when you get to the harbor.
The sandy beach is a must visit. Walk along the sands before stopping to enjoy an ice cream in the fresh sea air. You might spot people surfing in the water too.
Getting here
Aberdeen has fantastic transport links with the rest of the UK and Europe. Whether flying, taking the train, catching the ferry or driving, reaching the region is straightforward.
Getting around
Aberdeen city has an amazing public transport system, both day and night, although exploring the streets by foot is a great way to experience the atmosphere of this dynamic city. Driving around is easy, but if you don’t have a car, buses and trains will easily take you to your destination.
1.Where does Aberdeen lie?
A.Far off the coast.
B.To the west of the sea.
C.To the west of Royal Deeside.
D.In the heart of Cairngorms National Park.
2.What makes Aberdeen famous worldwide?
A.Its richness of history and culture.
B.Its tiny cottages and colorful gardens.
C.Its granite buildings and monuments.
D.Its sandy beach and wonderful sea views.
3.What can be known about Aberdeen from the text?
A.It’s not easy to get around it by car.
B.Dolphins aren't rarely seen in its harbor.
C.The best way to enjoy it is taking public transport.
D.It has few direct transport links to cities outside the UK.
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
某学校开放创新实验室引起网上热议。作为一名学生，你在网上发帖参与讨论。你的网帖须包括如下内容：
•介绍创新实验室的情况
•你对此项改革的看法
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.影视剧中虚构的情节往往被误认为是真实生活。（mistake）
2.规定每位小提琴手都必须演奏一首中国作品以弘扬中华文化。（require）
3.被他的团队认可和接纳，他有了一种归属感。（sense）
4.留学生身处他们并不习惯的学习环境时产生焦虑是很自然的。（accustom）
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
They like using the Internet. They have lots of pocket money to spend. And they spend a higher proportion of it online than the rest of us. Teenagers are just the sort of people an online seller is interested in, and the things they want to buy — games, CDs and clothing — are easily sold on the Web.
But paying online is a tricky business for consumers who are too young to own credit cards. Most have to use a parents card. They want a facility that allows them to spend money.
That may come sooner than they think: new ways to take pocket money into cyber space are coming out rapidly on both sides of the Atlantic. If successful, these products could stimulate online sales.
In general, teenagers spend huge amounts: $153 bn (billion) in the US last year and £20 bn annually in the UK. Most teenagers have access to the Internet at home or at school — 88 percent in the US, 69 percent in the UK. According to Jupiter Research, one in eight of those with Internet access has bought something online — mainly CDs and books.
In most cases, parents pay for these purchases with credit cards, an arrangement that is often unsatisfactory for them and their children. Pressing parents to spend online is less productive than pressing on the high street. They’re more likely to ask “Why” if you ask to spend some money online.
One way to help teenagers change notes and coins into cybercash is through prepaid cards such as IntenetCash in the US and Smart cards in the UK, Similar to those for pay-as-you-go mobile telephones, they are sold in amounts such as £20 or $50 with a concealed 14-digit number that can be used to load the cash into an online account.
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
There are two kinds of motive for engaging in any activity: internal and instrumental. If a scientist conducts research because he wants to discover important facts about the world, internal motive. If he conducts research because he wants to achieve scholarly fame, that’s an instrumental motive. 1..
What mix of motives — internal or instrumental or both — is most favorable to success? You might suppose that a scientist motivated by a desire to discover facts and by a desire to achieve fame will do better work than a scientist motivated by just one of those desires. 2.But as we and our colleagues argue in a paper, instrumental motives are not always useful and can actually be counterproductive to success.
3.Helping people focus on the meaning and impact of their work, rather than on, say, the financial returns it will bring, may be the best way to improve not only the quality of their work but also their financial success.
There is a temptation among educators and instructors to use whatever motivational tools are available to recruit (招募) participants or improve performance. If the desire for military excellence and service to country fails to attract all the recruits that the Army needs, then perhaps appeals to “money for college,” “career training” or “seeing the world” will do the job.
4.Similarly, for students uninterested in learning, financial incentives (奖励) for good attendance or pizza parties for high performance may motivate them to participate, but it may result in less well-educated students.
A.Our study suggests that efforts should be made to structure activities so that instrumental consequences do not become motives.
B.That’s the secret of effective motivation.
C.While this strategy may attract more recruits, it may also produce worse soldiers.
D.Surely two motives are better than one.
E.Discovering facts is inseparably related to the activity of research.
F.Often, people have both internal and instrumental motives for doing what they do.
Before Douglas Engelbart, computers were as big as rooms and used mostly for handling numbers. But in the late ‘60s’at the Stanford Research Institute, Engelbart invented almost everything your personal computer has today: a mouse, hypertext, screen sharing and more. In 1968 he made real-time edits to documents nearly 40 years before Google Docs hit screens; video chatted with friends long before Skype’s 2003 arrival; and resized windows years before Microsoft entered the field in 1975. Engelbart was adding graphics (图形), hyperlinking and sharing screens — all before the birth of the World Wide Web. “The digital revolution is far more significant than the invention of writing or even of printing,” said Engelbart, and as it turns out, he held all the right cards.
If he’d been British，Engelbart would have been knighted (授爵), but the Portland, Oregon, native instead lived out the rest of his years as an unsung hero, trying to fry even bigger fish in Silicon Valley. His blueprint of the Internet was radically different from today’s profit- driven, streamlined version. Engelbart imagined an information system built on the backbones of cooperation and education, all meant to enhance the collective human mind. He wanted a computerized network of real-time, human-wide cooperation, with the open-source spirit of Wikipedia and the purposefulness of Change.org.
By the late 70s and early ‘80s’ Engelbart and his ideas were cast aside in favor of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows, along with their profit-generating vision for personal computing, and a user-friendly approach to the Internet. Engelbart’s team of researchers abandoned him, and he had a lesser position at a company called Tymshare while still battling with his pie-in-the-sky visions of a better world. Even worse, when Engelbart’s mouse invention gained widespread use years later, he never gained the profits — it had been licensed to Apple for around $40,000, Engelbart revealed.
And if Engelbart had won? “Hard to say,” says Jefferson Bailey of the Internet Archive in San Francisco. The Web was bound to grow in ways its founders never intended, he says. He notes his belief that the same spirit of knowledge-sharing and cooperation Engelbart tirelessly pushed for will one day become part of our fast-evolving Internet, even if a commercial layer clouds the original vision. But even so，fame is difficult to achieve; it often ridicules great thinkers like Galileo or Tesla, only to meet them decades after death. Granted, Engelbart was eventually allowed into the National Inventors Hall of Fame, in 1988, and into the Pioneers Circle in the Internet Hall of Fame after his death, but the heart of his dream has yet to be realized.
1.The expression “his pie-in-the-sky visions of a better world” in Para. 3 refers to______________.
A.the function of computer data processing
B.a real-time video chat on the Internet
C.a user-friendly approach to the Internet
D.an Internet of knowledge-sharing and cooperation
2.Most probably Engelbart’s greatest regret was that___________________.
A.he was too crazy about his vision of the Internet when totally ignored
B.he was not profitably rewarded for his landmark inventions of computer
C.he was admitted to the U. S. National Inventors Hall of Fame too late
D.the Internet was commercially oriented against his original intention
3.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A.Engelbart rose and fell in his all-out battle over the future of the Internet.
B.Engelbart could have succeeded in the Internet with his landmark inventions.
C.Engelbart failed to realize his ambition due to his humble position in Tymshare.
D.Engelbart could hardly resist the profit-driven trend of the growing Internet.
4.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A.Who Benefits from the Internet? B.Who lost the Internet Wars?
C.Who Pioneered the World Wide Web? D.Who Commercialized the Internet?
