Question

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

The development of penicillin(1928-1945)

In 1928,Alexander Fleming was spending several weeks growing bacteria in piles of dishes for his experiment when he noticed a dish didn't look normal with blue mould in .Much to his astonishment, the mould killed the bacteria surrounding it. After discussing the blue mould with mould expert C. J. La Touche who had his office below Fleming's, they determined the mould to be a Penicillin mould. Fleming then called the active antibacterial agent in the mould, penicillin. He continued to run numerous experiments to determine the effect of the mould on other harmful bacteria. Surprisingly, the mould killed large number of them. He found the mould to be nontoxic and contain a powerful antibiotic.

In 1929, Fleming wrote a paper on his findings, which did not get any scientific interest. His penicillin was still in his lab far from an effective medicine because the development of Penicillin as a drug faced two problems. First, it was difficult for him to purify penicillin to work as a medicine. Second, he was not able to produce penicillin in the ample quantities needed to be effective

Fleming was praised for the discovery, but it was Howard Florey, Ernst Chain and their Colleagues at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology at Oxford University who managed to turn penicillin from a lab curiosity into an effective drug. In 1940,they worked with penicillin. Solving these problems and stepping up its large-scale production

The increasingly obvious value and demand of penicillin in World War II accelerated the process of its mass production, which began in 1944.The wide use of penicillin during World War II saved many lives. Without it, many people would have died due to bacterial infections in even minor wounds.

Fleming discovered penicillin. Florey and Chain made it a usable product with a nickname of “wonder drug”. All three of them were awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or  Medicine.

The development 6f penicillin(1928-1945)
The 1.of penicillin	● While growing bacteria for his experiment,Fleming noticed something 2.in a dish,killing the bacteria surrounding it. ●The blue mould,which Fleming found in the lab by 3. rather than on purpose, was named penicillin.
The 4.with Fleming' s further research	● Fleming had 5. making penicillin meet medicine standards of purity. ●He couldn't produce the desired quantities of penicillin to be 6.
The mass production of penicillin	● Two other scientists along with their team 7.in making its large-scale production possible. ●World War II 8.up the process of its mass production for military use.
Significance	● Widely 9.to  treat people in war penicillin saved many lives that otherwise would have been lost. ●penicillin started post-1945 revolution of medicines, for which Fleming, Florey and Chain 10.the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work.,

Answer

1.discovery

2.abnormal /unusual;

3.accident /chance / coincidence

4.problems

5.difficulty /trouble/problems

6.effective

7.succeeded

8.stepped /sped/speeded

9.used /employed

10.won /shared

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1928到1945年期间，青霉素的发展过程。青霉素首先被Alexander Fleming无意中发现，但是Fleming遇到了困难，无法将其制成药品，后来在其他两位科学家和他们的团队的协助下，成功大规模生产出了青霉素，并且在第二次世界大战中拯救了许多生命。最终三人被授予诺贝尔医学奖。

1.考查名词。总结概括第一段的内容可知，第一段主要在讲Fleming发现青霉素的过程。结合上文the可知应填名词discovery。故填discovery。

2.考查形容词。根据第一段中In 1928, Alexander Fleming was spending several weeks growing bacteria in piles of dishes for his experiment when he noticed a dish didn't look normal with blue mould in.可知1928年，Alexander Fleming为了做实验，花了几周时间在成堆的盘子里培养细菌，这时他注意到一个盘子里有蓝色的霉菌，看起来不太正常。由此可知，在为他的实验培养细菌时，Fleming注意到盘子里有一些不太正常的东西，杀死了盘子周围的细菌。修饰不定代词something应用形容词abnormal /unusual作后置定语，表示“不正常，不寻常的”。故填abnormal /unusual。

3.考查名词。根据第一段中Much to his astonishment, the mould killed the bacteria surrounding it.可知令他吃惊的是，霉菌杀死了周围的细菌。由此可知，Fleming在实验室无意中发现了这种蓝色霉菌，并将其命名为青霉素。表示“偶然，无意间”短语为by accident /chance/ coincidence。故填accident /chance / coincidence。

4.考查名词。根据第二段中His penicillin was still in his lab far from an effective medicine because the development of Penicillin as a drug faced two problems.可知由于盘尼西林作为药物的开发面临着两个问题，所以他的盘尼西林还远未成为一种有效的药物。由此可知，本部分是在介绍Fleming进一步研究的遇到的问题。有两个问题，所以problem应用复数形式。故填problems。

5.考查名词。根据第二段中First, it was difficult for him to purify penicillin to work as a medicine.可知首先，他很难把青霉素提纯成药物。由此可知，Fleming在使青霉素达到药物纯度标准方面遇到了困难。短语 have difficulty/trouble/ problems (in) doing sth。故填difficulty /trouble/problems。

6.考查形容词。根据第二段中Second, he was not able to produce penicillin in the ample quantities needed to be effective.可知第二，他无法生产出足够数量的青霉素，而这些青霉素必须是有效的。由此可知，Fleming无法生产出所需数量的有效青霉素。根据上文to be可知应填形容词effective，表示“有效的”。故填effective。

7.考查动词时态。根据第三段中Fleming was praised for the discovery, but it was Howard Florey, Ernst Chain and their Colleagues at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology at Oxford University who managed to turn penicillin from a lab curiosity into an effective drug.可知弗莱明因这一发现而受到赞扬，但正是牛津大学William Dunn爵士病理学院的Howard Florey、Ernst Chain和他们的同事们成功地将青霉素从实验室里的珍品变成了一种有效的药物。由此可知，另外两名科学家和他们的团队成功地使大规模生产成为可能。短语manage to do sth.等于succeed in doing sth.表示“成功做某事”。且事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填succeeded。

8.考查动词时态。根据第四段中The increasingly obvious value and demand of penicillin in World War II accelerated the process of its mass production, which began in 1944.可知在第二次世界大战中，青霉素的价值和需求日益明显，加速了1944年开始的大规模生产进程。由此可知，第二次世界大战加快了青霉素大规模使用的概率。表示“加快，加速”应用动词step/speed up the process，且事情发生在过去应用一般过去时。故填stepped /sped/speeded。

9.考查非谓语动词。根据第四段中The wide use of penicillin during World War II saved many lives. Without it, many people would have died due to bacterial infections in even minor wounds.可知第二次世界大战期间青霉素的广泛使用挽救了许多人的生命。如果没有它，许多人会死于细菌感染，甚至是小伤口。由此可知，广泛使用青霉素治疗病人，挽救了许多生命，否则这些生命将会死去。表示“使用”可用动词use或employ，且分析句子结构可知use/employ在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语penicillin构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填used /employed。

10.考查动词时态。根据最后一段中All three of them were awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.可知他们三人都获得了1945年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。由此可知，1945年后，青霉素开始了医药革命，Fleming、Florey和Chain因他们的研究获得了诺贝尔医学奖。表示“赢得，分享”应用动词win或share，且事情发生在过去应用一般过去时。故填won/shared。