Question

    Daniel Anderson，a famous psychologist，believes it's important to distinguish television's influences on children from those of the family.We tend to blame TV，he says，for problems it doesn't really cause，overlooking our own roles in shaping children's minds.

One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child's ability to think and to understand the world.While watching TV，children do not merely absorb words and images (影像)．Instead，they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.Actually，children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows.Furthermore，as many teachers agree，children understand far more when parents watch TV with them，explaining new words and ideas.Yet，most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set  and do something in another room.

Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.But according to Anderson，the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability.TV doesn't take the place of reading for most children；it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation，such as listening to the radio and playing sports.Things like parents' educational background have a stronger influence on a child's reading.“A child's reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads，”Anderson says.

Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television­watching lowers IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance.But here，too，Anderson notes that no studies have proved it.In fact，research suggests that it's the other way around.“If you're smart young，you'll watch less TV when you're older，”Anderson says.Yet，people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.

For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children.However，by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed，Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.

1.By watching TV，children learn ________.

A. images through words

B. more than explicit meanings

C. more about images than words

D. little about people's psychology

2.An educational program is best watched by a child ________.

A. on his own    B. with other kids

C. with his parents    D. with his teachers

3.Which of the following is most related to children's reading ability?

A. Radio­listening.

B. Television­watching.

C. Parents' reading list.

D. Parents' educational background.

4.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To advise on the educational use of TV.

B. To describe TV's harmful effects on children.

C. To explain traditional views on TV influences.

D. To present Anderson's unconventional ideas.

Answer

1. B

2. C

3. D

4. D

【解析】

本文是议论文，题材为社会生活类。传统观念认为，看电视会对孩子思维能力的培养产生负面的影响，还会让孩子远离阅读。而著名心理学家Daniel Anderson对此提出了不同的看法。

1.事实细节题。根据第二段第三句“Instead，they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.”可知，儿童在观看电视的时候，不仅获取直白的信息，也能获取隐藏的信息，故选B。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“Furthermore，as many teachers agree，children understand far more when parents watch TV with them，explaining new words and ideas.”可知，当父母陪同观看教育类节目时，解释遇到的新词和比较深奥的观点时，孩子理解得更好，故选C。

3.事实细节题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句“Things like parents' educational background have a stronger influence on a child's reading.”可知，父母的受教育程度对孩子的阅读能力有影响，故选D。

4.主旨大意题。整篇文章讲述的都是Anderson关于看电视对孩子的影响所提出的非传统的观点。故选D。