Question

    When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization (UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.

More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, "Give me a fish and I eat for a day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometimes what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.

Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned there is also the build-up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.

1.The second paragraph is developed mainly_____________.

A.by analysis. B.by process.

C.by example. D.by contrast.

2.Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?

A.A medical team. B.Financial support.

C.A water plant. D.An exchange program.

3.What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence?

A.Providing food is vital. B.Leaning to fish is helpful.

C.Looking after others is important. D.Teaching techniques is vital.

4.What can we infer about international aid from the passage?

A.It is facing difficulties

B.It should be given in the form of materials.

C.It has gained support by developed countries

D.It is unnecessary during normal times.

Answer

1.C

2.B

3.D

4.A

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述灾难在全球是不可避免的，国际援助要落到实处，要有着实高效的措施。作者还认为高效的援助不在于物质，而是平日里技术知识的共享——打造坚强友谊，互派国际交换生。

1.推理判断题。 根据第二段For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometimes what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. 例如，一个国家可以与另一个国家分享其技术。这可能是在简单的领域，如农业，或在更复杂的领域，如医疗和卫生保健，甚至在制造卫星。即使是一个小国也能帮助欠发达国家。有时，一些被认为是理所当然的事情，例如建立一个水净化厂或管理一所学校，可能对寻求解决共同问题的国家有用。本段的中心：加强平日技术知识交流。段中的多次使用for example，like等词语。所以主要使用例证法来展开论述，故选C。

2.细节理解题。第二段首句More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. 比起一个国家在灾难中给予另一个国家的帮助，在正常时期给予其他形式的帮助会更有效。和段尾句Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands. 这种援助是真正有用的，不可能是暂时的，也不可能落入坏人之手。这里说的是技术知识交流不可能落入坏人之手，而一般救援灾区的主要是各地的捐款和物质，如果落入坏人之手，那可能造成救援钱物被贪污或挪作他用。故选B。

3.推理判断题。“Give me a fish and I eat for day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.”相当于汉语谚语“授人以鱼不如授人以渔。”，强调的是“渔”（技术）。后文举例可以得到印证：“For example, a country could share its technology with another.”（一个国家可以与另一国共享技术资源）“…like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites.”（比如农业，或像医疗卫生保健甚至卫星的制造等复杂领域。）等。由此可以推断作者用划线句子是想表达技术的重要性，故选D。

4.推理判断题。文章首段首句提出问题：When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. 在提供国际援助时，必须采取步骤，以确保援助能够到达援助对象的手中。第二段首句More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. 比起一个国家在灾难中给予另一个国家的帮助，在正常时期给予其他形式的帮助会更有效。以及第三段首句Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. 许多国家开设了各种技能的广泛课程。第二段和第三段分别阐述解决international aid的有效办法，由此可以推断国际援助正面临着困难，故选A。