In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before: he couldn’t find the park’s volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that’s what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.
Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone(圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma(岩浆) piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldn’t find the caldera anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park—2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
1.What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone?
A.Its complicated geographical features.
B.Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.
C.The mysterious history of the park.
D.The exact location of the volcano.
2.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A.The shapes of volcanoes.
B.The impacts of volcanoes.
C.The activities of volcanoes.
D.The heights of volcanoes.
3.What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A.Hot-air balloon. B.Digital camera.
C.Big photograph. D.Bird’s view.
Thanks for your interest in visiting the Los Angeles Zoo with your school group! Please read the following information before booking your field trip.
Requirements
Special discounted admission prices are available with advance reservations ONLY for California school groups, short-termed as CSG, (registered with the California Department of Education). They can enjoy 10% off.
PLEASE NOTE:
Reservation blackout dates(限制日期) may apply to all groups at certain times of the year (e.g. holidays and spring break). If your group comes on a blackout date or has not made the necessary reservations before arriving at the Zoo, your group will be charged the regular admission fees.
Docent(讲解员)-Guided Tours
Our docent guides lead educational walking tours for students and their teachers, beginning at first grade. A limited number of docent-guided tours are available. There is no additional fee for a docent-guided tour, but you must book your tour at least two weeks in advance. Do not assume you have a guided tour booked until you have received a confirmation number and packet from the Los Angeles Zoo. On the day of your field trip, your group will need to arrive at least 30 minutes before the confirmed start time of your tour to check in. Make sure to tell Zoo staff upon your arrival that your group has a docent-guided tour. If you are more than 15 minutes late for your tour, it may be canceled.
Maximum number: 150 participants Ages: K-12
Regular Pricing: $5 per student, 1 teacher per 10 students is included, $5 per additional teacher
1.How much should be paid if a California school group with 2 teachers and 13 students has made an early booking for the zoo?
A.$63. B.$67.5. C.$70. D.$75.
2.From the above information, we can learn that _________.
A.California groups have access to special discounted prices
B.all groups may have to pay regular prices in spring break
C.additional fees for a docent-guided tour will be chained
D.a field group must arrive half an hour earlier to check in
At the mid-May in 2018, the 69 year-old amputee(被截肢者) Xia Boyu finally stood proud on two artificial legs on the peak of Mount Qomolangma, a symbol showcasing to the world the power of_______.
More than 40 years ago, Xia_______ both of his feet to frost bite after lending his sleeping bag to a team member during the trip to climb Mount Qomolangma.
Even though artificial legs were not _______in China at the time, Xia strongly _______ that he would one day fulfill his _______dream and so, before that day came, the best thing to do was to_______ himself by training constantly. Three years later he finally got his new legs, which enabled him to_________his sports career.
However, fate once again took a _______turn when he was in his 40s. In 1993, illness developed on the stumps(残肢) on his legs, which required _______ third of his lower legs be amputated. Three years after that, he was diagnosed with lymph cancer.
Over the years, Xia never gave up his dream of climbing Mount Qomolangma. ____________ to his final successful climb in 2018, he had tried four other times to climb to the summit, but each time Lady Luck gave him the ____________ .
The last time he ____________ his dream was in 2016. The then 67-year-oldwas only 94 meters from the summit, but a snow storm ____________ his way. Taking his team members’ ____________ into consideration, Xia made the ____________ decision to go back.
On May14, Xia felt ____________ and a strong sense of fulfillment ____________in him, standing on the peak of the highest mountain in the world.
The key is to focus on your dreams, instead of the ____________ you encounter along the way. I didn’t regret anything that I had done and accepted everything that life had ____________ me, but I never stopped fighting against ____________ ,”Xia said, stressing that fulfilling one’s dream has nothing to do with age, disability or the thoughts or expectations of others, but a firm belief in yourself.
1.A.strength B.dream C.confidence D.mind
2.A.cost B.gave C.lost D.paid
3.A.affordable B.acceptable C.available D.reachable
4.A.confirmed B.assured C.hoped D.believed
5.A.unfinished B.unchallenged C.unsolved D.unreached
6.A.pressure B.present C.preserve D.prepare
7.A.take B.begin C.complete D.continue
8.A.sudden B.sharp C.dark D.good
9.A.one B.another C.the other D.other
10.A.Previous B.Contrary C.Back D.Similar
11.A.tough nut B.red carpet C.cold shoulder D.last straw
12.A.put effort into B.devoted himself to C.got close to D.threw himself into
13.A.blanketed B.blocked C.bathed D.smoothed
14.A.honour B.safety C.credit D.struggle
15.A.final B.disappointing C.wise D.heartbreaking
16.A.tiredness B.relief C.pain D.1oneliness
17.A.welled up B.showed up C.came up D.sprang up
18.A.distrust B.doubt C.hardships D.criticism
19.A.thrown at B.provided for C.arranged for D.distributed to
20.A.challenges B.fear C.fate D.misbelief
—Going to watch the Women’s Volleyball Match on Wednesday?
—________! Will you go with me?
A.You there B.You bet
C.You got me D.You know better
The silver moon was high overhead, and there was a gentle breeze down the valley.
A.playing B.to play C.played D.having played
The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A.is B.are
C.was D.were