Making choices is hard. That would be why researcher Moran Cerf has _______ it from his life. As a rule, he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant.
This is _______ by his research in neuroeconomics(神经经济学)(a somewhat new. divisive field) at Northwestern University. As Business Insider describes, Cerf has extended his ideas—which draw on some controversial ideas in psychology, including ego depletion out-into a piece of advice that, to _______ happiness, people should "build a life that requires _______ decisions by surrounding themselves with people who possess traits they prefer.
On an instinctive level, Cerf's idea _______: Many choices people make are the product of social pressures and the inputs of _______ people around them. One example Cerf furnishes is that. _______ consistently ordering the second menu item, he never picks where to eat. Rather, he _______ his decision to his dining partner—which friend he plans to eat with, probably one he trusts—and always lets them pick.
While it’s _______ what, if any scientific principles underlie those pieces of advice, there is no shortage of research showing that choices can sometimes feel more ________ than liberating. An example from Quanta poits (假设)：If you have a clear love of Snickers(士力架),choosing that over an Almond Joy(杏仁巧克力)or a Milky Way(牛奶巧克力)should be a ________. And, as an experiment conducted by neuroscientist Paul Glimcher at NYU shows most of the time it is, ________ you introduce more choices.
When the participants were offered three candy bars (Snickers, Milky Way, and Almond Joy) they had no problem picking their favorite, but when they were given the option of one among 20 including Snickers, they would sometimes drift away from their ________. When the choices were taken away in later trials, the participants would wonder what caused them to make such a bad decision.
As Quanta details, according to a model called “divisive normalization”(分裂归一化), which has gained some popularity, the way the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options. So if you have two things that are clearly ________ brain areas involved in decision-making fire in a pattern that makes the decision clear. When the choices are comparable, the brain docs its best to focus on the distinctions between the two, but more choices ________ that ability out.
1.A.relieved B.released C.eliminated D.liberated
2.A.influenced B.inherited C.implemented D.informed
3.A.maximize B.balance C.cherish D.seek
4.A.safer B.fewer C.better D.sounder
5.A.stands out B.comes into force C.makes sense D.plays a part
6.A.distinguished B.trusted C.authorized D.honored
7.A.in addition to B.instead of C.in spite of D.regardless of
8.A.conveys B.relates C.submits D.limits
9.A.evident B.unclear C.critical D.inevitable
10.A.confusing B.inspiring C.worrying D.appealing
11.A.stressor B.no-brainer C.challenge D.headache
12.A.after B.before C.when D.until
13.A.preference B.struggle C.status D.direction
14.A.impressive B.insignificant C.unique D.distinct
15.A.crowd B.figure C.sort D.put
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Plants Scream in the Face of Stress
For the first time, researchers appear to have evidence that like animals, those plants deprived of water or 1. (force) to endure bodily harm can let out their pain. The study, 2. has yet to be published in a scientific Journal, adds another dimension to scientists 3. (grow) understanding of how plants detect and interact with their surroundings.
In recent years, it has become very clear that plants are more sensitive than researchers 4. (think). They respond when touched by insects and turn toward sources of light. "Plants are not just robotic stimulus-response devices," said Frantisek Baluska of the University of Bonn in Germany. "They're living organisms which have their own problems/'
Actually making their suffering hearable, however, is another matter entirely. 5. (test) that possibility, a team led by Itzhak Khait, a plant scientist at Tel Aviv University in Israel, placed microphones capable of detecting ultrasonic frequencies (超声波频率)four inches from tomato and tobacco plants. The researcher then either stopped watering them or cut their stems.
Measuring in the range of 20 to 150 kilohertz (千赫).the researchers found that even happy, healthy plants made the occasional noise. But when cut, tobacco plants emitted 6. average of 15 sounds within an hour of being cut 7. tomato plants produced 25 sounds.
8. researchers aren't yet sure how plants produce these sounds, Khait and his colleagues proposed one possibility in their paper 9. as water travels through the plants' tubes, air bubbles will form and explode, producing small vibrations.
All this "screaming” caused by stress wasn't in a range detectable by human ears. But organisms that can hear ultrasonic frequencies—like mice, bats or perhaps other plants—10. possibly hear the plants cries from as far away as 15 feet.
你受学生会委托，为在校的美国交换生写一则通知。请他们来听一场由中国某著名乐队表演的音乐会，内容包括：
1. 音乐会时间、地点；
2. 音乐会内容；
3. 期待他们参加。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I'm Alex, a boy whom lives in Pakistan. My country has been on war for years. There are bomb blowing up as I am writing this email. Today is my sister's twenty birthday. I hope to buy big cake to celebrate his birthday but it is dangerous to go out to buy one. My uncles try all means to make me to stay at home. They worry about me because my dad died three years ago. These bad people is blowing up everything. There is no safe place to live in my country anymore. Everybody is terrifying. I wish we can all live in peace.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
3D printing and virtual reality are cool, but when are we going to be able to clone ourselves? It'd be fantastic for1.（we）to send our clone off to school or work and sit back and do2.we really want to do. There have been important advances in cloning in the last several decades, leading to the3.（success）cloning of various animals. So far, however, there4.（be）no human clones.
In large part, cloning has been5.victim of pop culture to the degree that the general public has grand notions of what it will be like. There is no6.（possible）of cloning a grown version of ourselves in a matter of hours or days（like you see in the movies）.
7.（general）, we already have the tools to make cloning happen today; we just have some moral problems 8.（overcome）before the world won't raise major alarms at scientists cloning someone. That leaves the question 9.us then, the general public, do you think cloning is okay? Would you clone a lost loved one to bring them back, or if you found yourself unable to have kids, would you clone yourself? These are the questions we must answer first before we succeed in10.（create） human clones.
In October 2015, Shah began picking up rubbish from the beach every Sunday morning. At first, it was just him and a neighbor, and then he began_________others to join in. Word spread and with help from social media, more volunteers got_________.
Shah hasn't stopped since. He's now spent 209 weekends_________to this mission, inspiring more than 200,000_________to join him in what's been called the world's biggest beach cleanup. By October 2018, Versova Beach was_________clean and Shah's cleanups expanded to another_________as well as a stretch of the Mithi River and other regions of India.
For Shah, the work has_________been a personal journey, but it has earned_________attention. After he was_________as a Champion of the Earth by the United Nations in 2016, Bollywood celebrities and politicians__________his mission and joined in his cleanups.
Today, Shah is also working with coastal communities to__________plastic pollution at one of the sources. In areas lacking waste management systems, __________often end（s）up in streams and rivers that empty into the__________. Shah and his volunteers__________and assist villagers in reducing, managing and recycling their plastic waste.
"This world__________too much. I think you must talk less and do action__________," he said. “Every citizen on this __________must be in for a long pull. I feel the__________to do something for my planet, so this will__________for life. If each one could start, this journey could become__________Can we do it together?”
1.A.asking B.ordering C.warning D.forcing
2.A.challenged B.encouraged C.involved D.required
3.A.compared B.adapted C.related D.devoted
4.A.workers B.volunteers C.journalists D.clerks
5.A.originally B.finally C.suddenly D.theoretically
6.A.park B.bank C.beach D.market
7.A.occasionally B.hardly C.already D.always
8.A.global B.local C.national D.coastal
9.A.described B.honored C.opposed D.elected
10.A.simplified B.changed C.accepted D.finished
11.A.make B.discuss C.throw D.handle
12.A.trees B.materials C.rubbish D.tools
13.A.ocean B.factory C.mountain D.forest
14.A.protect B.control C.scold D.educate
15.A.talks B.complains C.thinks D.argues
16.A.earlier B.faster C.more D.better
17.A.sea B.planet C.water D.sands
18.A.pity B.need C.pain D.effect
19.A.come on B.get on C.look on D.go on
20.A.great B.complex C.complete D.difficult
