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A rare hole has opened up in the ozone l...

    A rare hole has opened up in the ozone layer above the Arctic, in what scientists say is the result of unusually low temperatures in the atmosphere above the north pole.

The hole, which has been (racked from space and the ground over the past few days, has reached record dimensions, but is not expected to pose any danger to humans unless it moves further south. If it extends further south overpopulated areas, such as southern Greenland, people would be at increased risk of sunburn.

However, on current trends the hole is expected to disappear altogether in a few weeks.

Low temperatures in the northern polar regions led to an unusual stable polar vortex(极地漩涡),and the presence of ozone-destroying chemicals such as chlorine(氯)in the atmosphere -- from human activities - caused the hole to form.

“The hole is principally a geophysical curiosity." said Vincent-Henri Peuch. director of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. "We monitored unusual dynamic(动态的)conditions, which drive the process of chemical depletion of ozone. Those dynamics allowed for lower temperatures and a more stable vortex than usual over the Arctic, which then triggered the formation of polar stratospheric(平流层的)clouds and the catalytic(催化的)destruction of ozone."

The hole is not related to the Covid-19 shutdowns that have dramatically cut air pollution and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. It is also too early to say whether the unusually stable Arctic polar vortex conditions are linked with the climate crisis, or part of normal stratospheric weather variability.

Peuch said there were no direct implications for the climate crisis. Temperatures in the region are already increasing, slowing the depletion of ozone, and the hole will start to recover as polar air mixes with ozone-rich air from lower latitudes. The last time similar conditions were observed was in spring 2011.

While a hole over the Arctic is a rare event, the much larger hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic has been a major cause for concern for more than four decades. The production of ozone-depleting chemicals has been dramatically reduced, under the 1987 Montreal Protocol 蒙特利尔协议),but some sources appear still to be functioning—in 2018. unauthorized emissions were detected from some areas.

New sources of ozone-depleting chemicals were not a factor in the hole observed in the Arctic, said Peuch. "However, this is a reminder that one should not take the Montreal Protocol measures for granted, and that observations from the ground and from satellites are central to avoid a situation where the ozone-destroying chemical level in the stratosphere could increase again.''

1.What is the possible meaning of the underlined word "depletion"?

A.replacement B.consumption

C.increase D.production

2.According to the passage, scientists are concerned about the hole because .

A.it is expected to be a threat to the mankind

B.the new hole is caused by air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions

C.it may encourage further scientific research and environmental awareness

D.it warns us of an oncoming climate crisis

3.What can be learned from the last two paragraphs?

A.The hole over the Arctic shares the same causes as the one over the Antarctic.

B.Human activities are highly responsible for producing ozone-destroying chemicals.

C.The Montreal Protocol has successfully prevented new emissions.

D.Some new illegal emissions are to blame for the hole over the Arctic.

4.The best title for the passage is probably .

A.Record-size Hole Opens in Ozone Layer above the Arctic

B.Actions Urgently Needed for a New Hole in Ozone Layer

C.Environmental Disaster and International Cooperation

D.How a Hole in Ozone Affects our Life on Earth

 

1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。北极上空的臭氧层出现了一个罕见的空洞,科学家说这是北极上空大气异常低温的结果。 1.词意猜测题。根据划线词后的句子Those dynamics allowed for lower temperatures and a more stable vortex than usual over the Arctic, which then triggered the formation of polar stratospheric(平流层的)clouds and the catalytic(催化的)destruction of ozone.可知,在北极与平常相比,这些动力学允许较低的温度和较稳定的旋涡,这就触发极地平流层云的形成,并催化臭氧层的毁灭。由此可以看出,depletion of ozone与destruction of ozone是相似的意思,再结合选项,可知consumption(消耗)符合语境,意为“臭氧层的消耗”。故选B。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段but is not expected to pose any danger to humans unless it moves further south.可知,除非它进一步向南移动,否则不会对人类造成任何危险。因此A项“它将对人类构成威胁”的说法不对;根据第五段The hole is not related to the Covid-19 shutdowns that have dramatically cut air pollution and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.这个空洞与Covid-19 shutdowns无关,Covid-19 shutdowns大大减少了空气污染和温室气体排放,因此B项“这个新的空洞是空气污染和温室气体排放造成的”这个表达不对;根据第六段Peuch said there were no direct implications for the climate crisis.可知,Peuch说,对气候危机没有直接影响,因此D项“它警告我们有即将到来的气候危机”不对。已经排除了A、B和D项,故选C。 3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段While a hole over the Arctic is a rare event, the much larger hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic has been a major cause for concern for more than four decades.可知,北极出现空洞是罕见的,南极的大一些的空洞四十多年来,一直是人们关注的主要问题。根据这个表达看不出“北极和南极的空洞有相同的起因”,故A不对;根据倒数第二段The production of ozone-depleting chemicals has been dramatically reduced, under the 1987 Montreal Protocol 蒙特利尔协议),but some sources appear still to be functioning—in 2018. unauthorized emissions were detected from some areas.可知,在1987年签订的《蒙特利尔协议》的约束下,产生的消耗臭氧层的化学物质已经急剧减少,但一些来源仍然在起作用:2018年,从一些区域探测到了未经授权的排放。因此,《蒙特利尔协议》没有成功阻止新的排放,故C不对;根据最后一段New sources of ozone-depleting chemicals were not a factor in the hole observed in the Arctic可知,消耗臭氧层化学物质的新来源,不是在北极观察到的洞里的一个因素。因此,“北极上空的空洞应该归咎于一些新的非法排放物”,这个描述是不对的,因此D不对;根据第三段the presence of ozone-destroying chemicals such as chlorine(氯)in the atmosphere -- from human activities - caused the hole to form.可知,破坏臭氧层的化学物质的存在,导致了这个洞的形成,比如大气中的氯——是人类活动产生的,所以“人类活动是产生破坏臭氧的化学物质的主要原因”是对的。故选B。 4.主旨大意题。根据第一段A rare hole has opened up in the ozone layer above the Arctic, in what scientists say is the result of unusually low temperatures in the atmosphere above the north pole.可知,北极上空的臭氧层出现了一个罕见的空洞,科学家说这是北太平洋上空大气异常低温的结果。由此可知,“北极上空出现罕见臭氧层空洞”可以作为文章标题,故选A。
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    One spring day. once the flowers have begun to open, a bee will hover (盘旋)and zip through your yard and dive-bomb your picnic table. While you're thinking about avoiding an attack, that bee is focused on something else entirely: me.

A honeybee has about six weeks to live. Today, like most days, her task is to fly as many as three miles from home, stick her long, straw-like tongue into a hundred or so flowers. When the bee has had her fill, she'll fly home. There the bee will deposit what she has got into the mouth of one of her co-workers, who will relay it to another, and so on for about 20 minutes, until the mixture is ready to be placed into the comb. Then she and her 50.000 or so mates will hover in the dark all night every night, flapping their wings to create hot, breezy conditions to remove the water from the mixture. Several sunrises later, they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswax. In her lifetime, our bee may visit 4.000 flowers, and yet will produce only one-twelfth of a tea spoon of me.

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1.What does "me" refer to in the passage?

A.The flower. B.The bee.

C.Water. D.Honey.

2.What is the 2nd paragraph mainly about?

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C.Bees' living environment. D.Bees' social behavior.

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B.To talk about the history of a treasure.

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D.To argue against the control of chemicals.

 

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2.A.influenced B.inherited C.implemented D.informed

3.A.maximize B.balance C.cherish D.seek

4.A.safer B.fewer C.better D.sounder

5.A.stands out B.comes into force C.makes sense D.plays a part

6.A.distinguished B.trusted C.authorized D.honored

7.A.in addition to B.instead of C.in spite of D.regardless of

8.A.conveys B.relates C.submits D.limits

9.A.evident B.unclear C.critical D.inevitable

10.A.confusing B.inspiring C.worrying D.appealing

11.A.stressor B.no-brainer C.challenge D.headache

12.A.after B.before C.when D.until

13.A.preference B.struggle C.status D.direction

14.A.impressive B.insignificant C.unique D.distinct

15.A.crowd B.figure C.sort D.put

 

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Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Plants Scream in the Face of Stress

For the first time, researchers appear to have evidence that like animals, those plants deprived of water or 1. (force) to endure bodily harm can let out their pain. The study, 2. has yet to be published in a scientific Journal, adds another dimension to scientists 3. (grow) understanding of how plants detect and interact with their surroundings.

In recent years, it has become very clear that plants are more sensitive than researchers 4. (think). They respond when touched by insects and turn toward sources of light. "Plants are not just robotic stimulus-response devices," said Frantisek Baluska of the University of Bonn in Germany. "They're living organisms which have their own problems/'

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Measuring in the range of 20 to 150 kilohertz (千赫).the researchers found that even happy, healthy plants made the occasional noise. But when cut, tobacco plants emitted 6. average of 15 sounds within an hour of being cut 7. tomato plants produced 25 sounds.

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你受学生会委托,为在校的美国交换生写一则通知。请他们来听一场由中国某著名乐队表演的音乐会,内容包括:

1. 音乐会时间、地点;

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3. 期待他们参加。

注意:1. 词数100左右;

2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

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