Question

Facial-Recognition Technology Cannot Read Emotions

Do not believe claims that facial-recognition technology can accurately identify people’s emotions, advised several scientists at the 2020 AAAS Annual Meeting in Seattle.

Such claims that a photo of a face can be easily_______are based on a flawed theory that we smile when we are happy and scowl (沉下脸) when angry, said Professor Aleix Martinez. “There’s no way that technology will ever be able to detect_______ that you’re experiencing following that approach,” Martinez said.

Research shows that, on average, people scowl only 30% of the time that they are angry, said Lisa Feldman Barrett, professor of psychology at Northeastern University. The rest of the time, they make other faces when they are angry, she said._______, people may scowl for other reasons — “when they’re concentrating, when someone tells them a bad joke,” she said. “Any AI that is claiming to detect a scowl and interpreting it as anger has some real_______.”

So much goes into communicating our emotions beyond our_______ movements. Other factors involving little use of language include our body pose, body movement and hormone responses like those that cause one’s face to go red from embarrassment or_______, said Martinez.

Martinez offered an example of the importance of having enough information. For instance, when he showed people a photo of a _________ man with his mouth wide open and his eyes nearly closed, most thought the man was extremely angry, his research showed. Yet anyone viewing the context — that the subject was a soccer player — could_________ that he was displaying excitement while celebrating a goal.

A mistake like this may not matter much, but so-called emotion-recognition technology has a larger reach. The technology’s _________ to incorporate facial movements could have serious, even dangerous outcomes, said Martinez. AI is sometimes used in classrooms, in the judicial (司法的) system and in hiring for jobs, he noted. Many of these systems learn from U.S. and European data ______________ by white people. Such inputs could negatively impact, for instance, the hiring of candidates of other races, Martinez said. “I think we have to take seriously the______________ in which this AI is being used,” said Barrett.

Seth Pollak, professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, shared research about the____________ of our ability to understand facial expressions and emotions. For several decades, scientists thought that infants arrived into the world with a little understanding about emotions, Pollak said. To the contrary, babies do not express____________ emotions. They have a distress system that broadcasts whether they are OK or not. Children learn about emotions beyond good or bad, and research shows that even with incredibly brief levels of exposure to contextual information, very young children start to change how they____________ their inferences about other people’s emotions. “Human brains are actually able to____________ patterns and make inferences about what might be happening at a sophisticated computational level with actually very little experience.” he said.

1.A.recognized B.interpreted C.noticed D.realized

2.A.emotions B.experiences C.incidents D.impacts

3.A.Therefore B.However C.Anyway D.Additionally

4.A.outlooks B.problems C.results D.mysteries

5.A.body B.brain C.facial D.gesture

6.A.disappointment B.unemotionality C.excitement D.shock

7.A.red-faced B.long-eyed C.round-shouldered D.short-haired

8.A.propose B.ensure C.indicate D.infer

9.A.failure B.capability C.fight D.initiative

10.A.dominated B.calculated C.concluded D.preserved

11.A.approach B.direction C.context D.contest

12.A.varieties B.differences C.resources D.origins

13.A.specific B.internal C.strong D.uncomfortable

14.A.pick B.categorize C.express D.expect

15.A.take out B.bring out C.carry out D.figure out

Answer

1.B

2.A

3.D

4.B

5.C

6.C

7.A

8.D

9.B

10.A

11.C

12.D

13.A

14.B

15.D

【解析】

本文是说明文。研究表明面部识别技术无法准确地读取人的情绪。

1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：阿莱克斯·马丁内斯教授说，这种声称可以轻松解释一张脸部照片的说法是基于一种有缺陷的理论的，即当我们感到高兴时就会微笑，而在生气时会皱着眉头。A. recognized公认；B. interpreted解释；C. noticed注意到；D. realized 实现，意识到。由上文的“identify people’s emotions”可知，面部识别技术“解读”人的情绪。故选B。

2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：马丁内斯说：“采用这种方法，技术永远无法检测到你正在经历的情绪。”A. emotions情绪；B. experiences经历；C. incidents事件；D. impacts影响。由上文的“identify people’s emotions”可知，面部识别技术解读人的“情绪”。故选A。

3.考查副词词义辨析。句意：另外，人们可能会因为其他原因而皱眉：“当他们专心时，当有人给他们讲恶作剧的时候”，她说。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Anyway无论如何；D. Additionally另外。前后两句话的内容在逻辑关系上是递进的，前面讲生气时并不都是皱眉头，后面讲人们出于其他的原因也会皱眉。故选D。

4.考查名词词义辨析。句意：任何声称发现皱眉并将其解释为愤怒的人工智能技术都存在一些实际问题。A. outlooks观点，见解；B. problems问题；C. results结果；D. mysteries未解之谜。由上一题的分析可知，人在皱眉时未必是生气的。因此，人工智能技术将皱眉解释为愤怒是存在问题的。故选B。

5.考查名词及形容词词义辨析。句意：除了面部动作以外，交流情感的方法也很多。A. body身体；B. brain脑；C. facial面部的；D. gesture姿势。下文提到的身体姿势，身体运动和激素反应的因素并不是前文提到的“面部”表情的变化。故选C。

6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：马丁内斯说，其他很少使用语言的因素包括我们的身体姿势，身体运动和激素反应，例如使人的脸由于尴尬或兴奋而发红的因素。A. disappointment失望；B. unemotionality冷漠；C. excitement激动；D. shock震惊。下文提到的例子中对excitement这个因素进行了说明，这个词在下一段中是同词复现。故选C。

7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，他的研究显示，当他向人们展示一张红脸的男人的照片时，照片中的人嘴大张着并几乎闭着眼睛，大多数人认为这名男子非常生气。A. red-faced红脸的；B. long-eyed长眼的；C. round-shouldered 曲背的；D. short-haired 短发的。上一段中提到了导致脸色变红的因素，此处是在举例分析说明脸红并不能够肯定这个人在生气。故选A。

8.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，任何看过此照片的人（照片中的人是足球运动员）都可以推断出他是在庆祝进球时表现出了兴奋。A. propose提出；B. ensure确保；C. indicate表明；D. infer推断。此处表示人看着照片进行推断的结果和人工智能技术的判断是不同的。故选D。

9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：马丁内斯说，这项技术将面部动作与人的情绪结合起来的功能可能会导致严重甚至危险的后果。A. failure失败；B. capability能力；C. fight斗争；D. initiative倡议。前文提到过“facial-recognition technology can accurately identify people’s emotions(面部识别技术可能够准确识别人们的情绪)”的说法。故选B。

10.考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中许多系统都是从白人主导的美国和欧洲的数据做出推断。 A. dominated占主导地位；B. calculated计算；C. concluded推断出；D. preserved保护，保留。下文提到“这样的数据输入可能会对雇用其他种族的候选人产生负面影响”，因此人工智能技术的数据采集是以白人为基础的，即白人提供了占据主导地位的数据。故选A。

11.考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我认为我们必须认真考虑使用这种人工智能技术的环境”，Barrett说。A. approach方法；B. direction方向；C. context语境，环境；D. contest测试。由上文的分析可知，人工智能技术的使用必须注意使用的场合和环境。context这个词在上一段中出现了。故选C。

12.考查名词词义辨析。句意：威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的心理学教授Seth Pollak分享了有关我们理解面部表情和情绪之间关系的能力来源的研究。A. varieties品种；B. differences差异；C. resources资源；D. origins起源。下文提到的是理解面部表情和情绪之间关系的能力来源的例子。故选D。

13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，婴儿不表达特定的情感。A. specific具体的；B. internal内部的；C. strong强大的；D. uncomfortable不舒服的。他们有一个呼救系统，可以表明他们是否处于好的状态中。因此，孩子们并不表露出具体特定的感受，只是宏观上的好与坏。故选A。

14.考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，即使是在极其短暂的接触背景信息的情况下，非常年幼的孩子也开始改变他们对他人情绪进行推断的分类方式。A. pick挑选；B. categorize分类；C. express表达；D. expect期望。由前文的“Children learn about emotions beyond good or bad(孩子们了解他人的情绪不仅仅是好或坏而已)”可知，此处表示孩子对他人的感受做出区别判断，即分类（categorize）。故选B。

15.考查动词短语辨析。句意：人类大脑实际上能够在一个复杂的计算水平上在没有什么实际经验的情况下找出思维模式，并对可能发生的事情做出推断。A. take out去除，带……出去（吃饭、看电影等）；B. bring out生产，出版；C. carry out执行；D. figure out想出，理解，弄清楚。大脑在做出推断之前需要弄清楚模式，选择figure out合乎语意。故选D。