Knowledge Management
Thanks to advances in computers, modem means of communication and the Internet, information has become easier to obtain. It is now much more significant in our daily lives.
Organizations believe that having better information leads to better decision making. 1. Too much information makes it difficult to decide which pieces of information are useful in making the best decisions and which are not. Selecting and obtaining the right information and using it well can give an organisation a competitive advantage. This is how the field of “knowledge management” ,or KM, arose.
2. In fact, we need to distinguish between data, information and knowledge. Some concrete examples can help. Looking at the daily transactions of a shop, I may see that 12 units of product X have been sold this month—that is an interesting piece of data. 3. I can change this data into valuable information if I know that 20 units of product X were sold the previous month— this informs me that sales in that item have dropped. So data + context = information. Now, based on my years of experience working in the shop and my familiarity with my costumers, I can use my knowledge to decide whether I should order more of the same product or not.
4. The first is the activity of obtaining the best information. This often relies on technology, such as powerful computers, to filter or store information. 5. So, knowledge can flow easily through the organization. The other part is the more human side, which focuses on employees exploiting (利用)the information to create competitive advantage for the organization.
Companies that adopt KM strategies believe that they will achieve better results because they exploit the potential of both modem technological advances and good old-fashioned experience.
A.Therefore, KM can be divided into two parts.
B.It also relies on good networks of communication.
C.And it is being adopted by more and more businesses today.
D.In order to understand what KM is, it is necessary to define it.
E.But I cannot make a decision based on it because it lacks context.
F.My insight tells me that after a while my customers will go back to buying product X.
G.However, with greater access to information comes the problem of information overload.
The old romantic saying is a cute one, but according to recent studies, opposites don't necessarily attract.
Research shows that people tend to seek out relationships with—and eventually marry — partners who have similar defining characteristics, such as age, political orientation, religion, education, and income.
“ Generally speaking, when we think about opposites attracting or not, we're thinking in terms of personality rather than these big key factors," says Vinita Mehta, a clinical psychologist and writer based in Washington, D. C.
One big factor as to why this may be is simply your stage of life: where you live, what lifestyle you have, and what kind of people you're exposed to.
“ If you’re on a college campus, by and large，you’re going to find people who are in your age group,'' Mehta says. "You're going to find people who at least eventually become part of the same general income strata. ”
Researchers from the University of Kansas made a courageous claim. A study released earlier this year analyzed real-world relationships and asked couples (romantic partners, friends, and acquaintances) about attitudes, behaviors, values, prejudices, and personality characteristics that were important to them. The pairs that had closer and more intimate relationships were not necessarily more similar than newly formed pairs, and people shared similarities on almost every personal issue that was measured.
The lead psychologists on this study believe this doesn't happen by chance ； it's so common and widespread that seeking out like-minded people may be our psychological default when we make new friends or romantic partners. We certainly get the most out of these relationships. They make us more comfortable and trusting of the other person, and that makes it easier to cooperate and achieve goals.
As far personalities go, connecting on major characteristics, like levels of neuroticism (神经质)and conscientiousness, generally lead to happier couples. But that doesn't mean you and your significant other need to agree on everything. Having different habits——fewer defining parts of your personality, like your favorite sport or foods---can introduce you to new activities and ways of thinking, which can make you a more well-rounded person.
1.What does the underlined word " strata" in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Factors. B.Levels. C.Resources. D.Taxes.
2.The research conducted by the University of Kansas implies that _______.
A.the phenomenon takes place accidentally
B.the subjects have almost everything in common
C.the participants were asked questions about their partners
D.the similarity between partners may not change with closer relationship
3.In the last paragraph, the author stresses that a happier couple may _______.
A.have some differences
B.have everything in common
C.share the same personalities
D.result from the conflict in thinking
4.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To find out what stage of life we are in.
B.To prove we are attracted to what is familiar.
C.To show what kind of people we should make friends with.
D.To introduce the advantages like-minded people can bring to us.
In today's world, online social media has become more powerful and the most destructive thing over worldwide , although with time all generations have come to accept the changes social network has brought about, teenagers and young adults are the most enthusiastic users of these sites. According to various research studies in the field of online social networks, it has been revealed that these sites are impacting the lives of the youth greatly. When using these sites such as Twitter, Facebook or Myspace, there are both positive and negative effects on the youth.
Firstly, social media helps the youth and any other user updated with what is happening around the world, and helps the teenagers stay connected and interact with each other even if they are many miles apart. This strengthens their relationship. Even if they finished school and moved to different locations, they stay connected and update one another.
In addition, social media sites have provided a platform whereby the youth can create groups and pages based on their common discipline and end up building connections and opportunities for their respective careers by updating different topics to discuss. Youth who have been interviewed say that social media has become their lifestyle and it makes their lives easier and more efficient.
While on the one hand social network sites seem to bring people together and stay connected, on the other hand it causes many physical and mental health problems such as eyes infection, back problems, etc. Other negative effects of social networking various people suggested included encouraging poor spelling and grammar , exposing underage to online predators （捕食者）,allowing spread of misinformation that is seen as fact, decreasing productivity as those who are supposed to be working spend time in the sites to chat, providing a perfect platform for cyberbullying and providing details that increase risks of identity theft.
"The more social media we have, the more we think were connecting, yet we are really disconnecting from each other. " One researcher said.
In conclusion, social networking clearly portrays both positive and negative effects on the youth. It is the decision of individuals whether to use it in a right way or wrong.
1.Why do young people adopt the platform offered by social media sites?
A.To practice their debate skills.
B.To change their way of living.
C.To improve their academic performance.
D.To lay the foundation for their future careers.
2.It can be inferred that the main disadvantages of social networking may _______.
A.put young people in danger
B.allow spread of information
C.let out users' health problems
D.reduce the using of poor spelling
3.What is the passage mainly about?
A.The research on online social media.
B.The correct way to use online social media.
C.The introduction of online social media history.
D.The influence of online social media on the youth.
4.What is the authors attitude towards social media?
A.Disapproving. B.Objective.
C.Positive. D.Indifferent.
It all started when Campbell Remess was nine years old and asked his parents if he could buy Christmas gifts for sick children, for he wanted to do something to brighten their spirits. His parents had to turn down his request, for Campbell is one of nine children and ... well, money, you know? However, Campbell took up the challenge and started creating his own bears. Meanwhile, he named the project “Project 365" , which means making a bear a day in a year.
Every week he delivers some bears to sick children not only at the Royal Hobart Hospital near his home but all over the world. He even creates personalized teddy bears, the Winning Bear, for cancer patients to hold onto during treatments and at those down times. Campbell has even sent bears to victims of terrorist attacks in Brussels and Paris. These bears all become a treasured companion and are something to hug during difficult times. But it doesn't end there ...
Not only does Campbell make bears, but he has a variety of fundraising events to help further causes he supports. At one such gala last year, Campbell made a bear on-stage and auctioned （拍卖）it off for $ 5 ,000. The night raised more than 26,000 for the Love Your Sister charity. He hopes to expand the amount and locations of fundraising events he hosts.
Campbell's message of love and kindness has spread around the world, and he has spoken to schools about how each effort counts. Project 365's Facebook page has amassed over 26,271 followers and is a platform for people worldwide to spread positivity.
Campbell, a 14-year-old boy, has a lot of different interests such as film and laboratory work, but whatever path he chooses，he will continue to follow his heart to help people around the world through his acts of kindness!
1.On hearing his parents' decision, Campbell _______.
A.gave up his plan
B.tried to find a way out
C.argued with his parents
D.turned to others for help
2.Why did Campbell perform making a bear on the stage?
A.To raise money for a charity.
B.To show his love for sisters.
C.To make himself famous.
D.To celebrate the festival.
3.To carry out his idea, Campbell _______.
A.got the fund of Facebook
B.expanded the fundraising
C.tried to inspire more people
D.changed his personal interests
4.What can we learn from Campbell Remess' story?
A.Details are the key to success.
B.Actions speak louder than words.
C.Every little bit makes a big difference.
D.All things are difficult before they are easy.
Make 2020 your most adventurous year yet by signing up for one of these trips of a lifetime. Sail to Aldabra Atoll for a fascinating journey, hike along the frontiers of Georgia, explore different habitats of human and animals: These journeys are unlike any trip you've ever taken before.
Exodus Travels
This once -in-a- lifetime journey visits Aldabra Atoll, one of the most remote UNESCO World Heritage sites on the planet. Hidden away from the impact of humans，Aldabra has managed to sustain a population of 152,000 giant tortoises. This is the trip for wildlife enthusiasts: The clear waters of the Seychelles are home to 850 species of brilliantly colored fish that you'll visit on snorkel and dive excursions (旅行). |
Wild Frontiers Adventure Travel
Wild Frontiers Adventure Travel's Georgia Walking Tour showcases the country's wild side, with plenty of hikes in the Svaneti Mountains mixed with cultural experiences like a visit to the remote village of Adishi, home to just 12 families. |
Natural Habitat Adventures
A nine-day adventure centered around Natural Habitat's unique luxury base camp near the edge of the Greenland ice sheet. You'll be in one of the world's most remote locations (with a maximum of only 11 other travelers in your group) , but still have access to hot showers and well-prepared meals. You'll spend your days exploring the surrounding water, meeting the local Inuit villagers, kayaking (独木舟),and more. |
Mountain Travel Sobek
Accompanied with expert guides, you'll track gorillas through Rwanda's Volcanoes National Park, getting a rare chance to see these majestic creatures up close. You'll also focus your search on another rare creature—the golden monkey. |
1.Who will be most likely to choose Aldabra Atoll as a perfect destination?
A.A UNESCO officer.
B.An experienced hiker.
C.A passionate animal lover.
D.An active environmentalist.
2.To enjoy Natural Habitat Adventures, you need to _______.
A.enjoy a cold bath
B.make dinners alone
C.prepare a folding tent
D.take waterproof overcoats
3.Where is the passage most probably taken from?
A.A culture report.
B.A reference book.
C.A tourism magazine.
D.A geography textbook.
I’d done it before, so I had no reason to believe that this time would be any different. I was sure that when I returned home from my _______ trip, I'd bring back nothing more than some mud on my boots, a hole or two in my _______ and, of course, a lot of great memories.
The summer before my high school graduation, I went to West Virginia with others as volunteers to _______ the homes of those in need. My group was to help a family to change a fire-damaged dining room into a bedroom. No sooner had we _______ on the home's dirt driveway than we saw a ( n) _______ little girl, no more than six years old, standing in the doorway of the family's temporary home. _______ and wearing dirty clothes and the biggest smile I'd ever seen, she _______in delight, " Ma, Ma, they really came!" A little distance behind the girl was a woman in a wheelchair. She was her _______ and the girl's name was Dakota, which we soon learned.
Over the following days, a few times, I _______ talking with her, but she remained shy and distant, always __________ around us like a tiny butterfly but keeping to herself.
By our final day,__________, this was about to change.
When talking with her grandmother, I __________ something I hadn9t seen before—Dakota was hiding behind the wheelchair. After a while, __________, she stepped into view, and slowly, she began walking toward me and handed me a piece of folded __________. Once it was unfolded, I looked at the drawing she'd made. It was of two girls—one much taller than the other—and they were __________hands side by side. She told me it was supposed to be me and her, and on the bottom of the paper were three little words, “Please don't leave! ” ，which instantly __________ my heart.
By early afternoon, we finished Dakota's __________, and I gladly used the rare free time to listen to her stories about the struggles she and her family went through daily. I began to realize how __________ my life was.
I left for home early the next morning with muddy boots and holes in my jeans. But because of Dakota, I brought back __________ else, too—a greater appreciation for all and the blessings of my life. I'll never forget that barefoot little butterfly with the big __________.
1.A.field B.volunteer C.land D.business
2.A.jeans B.coat C.bag D.gloves
3.A.clean B.visit C.repair D.decorate
4.A.parked B.camped C.stood D.gathered
5.A.puzzled B.anxious C.frightened D.excited
6.A.Prideless B.Shoeless C.Fearless D.Shirtless
7.A.explained B.replied C.shouted D.whispered
8.A.grandmother B.aunt C.teacher D.neighbor
9.A.liked B.began C.tried D.delayed
10.A.singing B.looking C.walking D.flying
11.A.therefore B.however C.otherwise D.moreover
12.A.suspected B.imagined C.noticed D.examined
13.A.cautiously B.carelessly C.quickly D.curiously
14.A.leaflet B.paper C.cloth D.cardboard
15.A.shaking B.waving C.holding D.clapping
16.A.opened B.gathered C.attracted D.broke
17.A.bedroom B.living room C.bathroom D.dining room
18.A.healthy B.dull C.hopeful D.happy
19.A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything
20.A.dream B.idea C.gift D.smile
