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Giant, krill-eating whales could grow ev...

    Giant, krill-eating whales could grow even bigger if the size and availability of their prey (猎物)could keep upa new study finds.

Whales are the heaviest animals to have ever lived on our planet. These marine giants evolved from dog-sized four-legged land creatures and grew nearly 10,000 times bigger in the past 50 million years or so, according to Nicholas Pyenson, head of fossil marine mammals at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.

Creatures benefit from having a bigger size in a number of different ways, whether it’s not getting eaten by smaller creatures or having the ability to keep warm and travel great distances more efficiently. Still, some whale species are bigger than others, and they do have some limits to their size.

To find out what these limits are researcher attached multisensor equipment to many types of whales. The researcher also assessed prey type and quantity using different methods. For baleen whale preythey used acoustic(声学的) equipment to test the density (密度)of krill patches. For toothed whales, they looked at the size and quantity of squid(鱿鱼)beaks and otoliths (parts of the inner ear) found in the stomachs of beached whales.

Putting all the data together, they could determine how much energy the whales were likely to get back from the food. For toothed whales, the limiting factor seems to be the size of their prey. Sperm whales were found to feed mostly on medium-sized squid—possibly because there aren’t as many giant squid in the ocean. Baleen whales, like blue whales swallow massive mouthfuls of krill or other small creature. But these small creatures only appear in large concentrations for a few months per year in some areas ,which may be the limiting factor for the growth of the largest whales.

A researcher said that it ‘s not completely clear that baleen whales have finished growing. “Perhaps several million years into the future we’ ll see something even larger than a blue whale.”

1.What can we infer from the second paragraph?

A.Whales kept growing during evolution.

B.Whales evolved from dogs on the land.

C.Whales used to be four-legged fish.

D.The number of krill-eating whales would keep up.

2.How do whales benefit from their size?

A.They are more expert at traveling.

B.They can produce energy more easily.

C.They have better chances to survive.

D.They can be eaten by smaller creatures.

3.How did the researchers carry out the study?

A.Testing the density of whales with acoustic equipment.

B.Using different methods for different types of whales.

C.Calculating the amount of food in baleen whales’ stomachs.

D.Assessing the type and quantity of different whales.

4.What may stop whales from growing even bigger?

A.The amount of food.

B.The availability of equipment.

C.The size of their stomachs.

D.The concentrations of the whales.

 

1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究发现鲸鱼的巨大体型会受到其猎物大小,数量的影响。 1.推理判断题。由第二段第二句“These marine giants evolved from dog-sized four-legged land creatures and grew nearly 10,000 times bigger in the past 50 million years or so,”可知,这些巨型海洋生物是从体型和狗的大小一样而且长有4条腿的陆地生物进化而来,并且在过去大约5000万年里他们几乎长大了10000倍。由此可测,鲸鱼在过去的5000万年从狗一样的大小一直进化到现在10000倍的大小,说明鲸鱼体型在进化期间一直在生长。结合选项可知,A选项正确。 2.细节理解题。由第三段第一句“Creatures benefit from having a bigger size in a number of different ways, whether it’s not getting eaten by smaller creatures or having the ability to keep warm and travel great distances more efficiently.”可知,生物在很多不同的方面因拥有一个更大的体型而得益,比如它们不会被较小的动物吃掉,或者它们有能力保持温暖和更有效地长途游行。由此可见,鲸鱼得益于他们的体型,使他们有更好的生存机会,C选项正确。 3.细节理解题。由第四段第一句“To find out what these limits are, researcher attached multisensor equipment to many types of whales.The researcher also assessed prey type and quantity using different methods.可知,为了找到这些限制是什么,研究者给不同种类的鲸鱼贴上了多种传感器设备。研究人员还用不同的方法评估了猎物的类型和数量。由此可见,研究者对不同种类的鲸鱼使用不同的方法。故B选项正确。 4.细节理解题。由第五段的最后一句“But these small creatures only appear in large concentrations for a few months per year in some areas ,which may be the limiting factor for the growth of the largest whales.”可知,但是这些小生物只是每年的一些月份高密度集中出现在一些区域,这可能是体型最大的鲸鱼的生长限制因素。由此可见,鲸鱼食物的数量阻止着鲸鱼长的更大型。结合选项,选项A正确。
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    In the futurewe may not need to rely on human donations for life-saving skin grafts(移植).

That’s the goal of Xeno Therapeutics, a biotech non-profit organization. The US Food and Drug Administration approved the group’s initial application for temporary skin grafts removed from genetically modified(基因改良)pigs. This means that they can start testing pig skin grafts on people who have experienced severe burns.

Skinthe body’s largest organplays an important role in blocking pathogens(病原体) from reaching our organs inside. It also helps the body keep a constant temperature. People with severe skin damage are at a high risk of developing deadly infections as a result of changes in temperature.

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Xeno Therapeutics, which gets its name from animal-to-human transplants, has raised pigs that have skin remarkably similar to our own. Grafts from these pigs are therefore more likely to hide without being detected by the host's immune system—at least temporarily. The idea is that they could be used for immediate burn treatment, followed human skin graft treatment later.

“I’d say that just like comparing a Coke with Pepsiit would be hard to tell which was the human skin and which was the pig graft” said Xeno Therapeutics CEO Paul Holzer.

The non-profit organization has been working to conduct the clinical trials, which will only be testing the grafts’ safety and tolerability in six patients with severe burns. Assuming the results are positive after a month, the grafts will need to pass through two more stages of testing before they can be approved for widespread clinical use.

Several other groups around the world are working to make animal organs suitable for clinical medicine. In Brazil, researchers are exploring using tilapia skin as temporary bandages for burn victims whose skin is regrowing.

1.What’s the aim of Xeno Therapeutics?

A.To make profit from the grafts. B.To apply pig skin on human patients.

C.To modify pigs genetically. D.To test people with severe burns.

2.Why is skin important to human body?

A.It acts as a protective layer for our body. B.It helps us recover from deadly diseases.

C.It prevents itself from being damaged. D.It keeps one’s temperature changing.

3.What is Paul Holzer’s attitudes towards the pig skin grafts?

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4.What can we know about the grafts?

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    Not long ago, my wife and I spent a weekend together without any of our three children. This was the first time we had been alone for more than a few hours since our oldest was born four years ago.

What did we do on our short vacation? My wife read the first hundred or so pages of Tom Jones , a book she has been meaning to read for ages. There was takeout and a nice long walk along the shore of Lake Michigan. Football was watched. But mostly? We slept, without worrying for once about whether a shrill voice might awaken us between the hours of 9 p.m. and 6 a.m. to demand a glass of water (“Nonot that onethe Tinkerbell cup!’’. We were too relaxed to do anything else.

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C.He becomes absent-minded. D.He hardly has his own time.

4.What’s the best title of the passage?

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C.The myth of brain-dead parents D.How to steal time as brain-dead parents

 

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    Wet ‘n’ Wild Water Amusement Park, Gurgaon

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Email infc@wetnwildresorts.com

Therefore, if you are thinking about visiting a fun-filled amusement park with your family, then stop now because Wet 'n' Wild is waiting for you! This non-stop fun ride will help you in experiencing a new dimension of thrill.

1.Which of the following is true about Wet 'n' Wild Water Amusement Park?

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