Question

    Why is poverty so difficult to overcome?Why are poorer people less likely to spend money on their own learning and ability development,but more likely to be addicted to television and video games?

In the past,a poor person was normally considered to have bad virtue or have no ambition. The Nobel Prize winner Banerjee corrects such views and explains the truth behind the poor. Poor people tend to live with more worries in their lives,he said,so they need tools such as televisions,cell phones,junk food and video games to get rid of worries more than others.But learning something often takes a lot of time and money to get rewards,while the poor are often impatient due to economic(经济的）reasons,and their life in the meantime is getting more boring.

Banerjee's research has found that the poor often need to borrow short-term loans(贷款）.Thus,the poor tend to take higher financial risks-they often have unstable incomes and are unable to get money to start a business from banks,so they rely more on these high-interest loans.And these small loans put a brake on their savings against risks.

How could the poor step into the middle class?Maybe starting a business is a way out.But for the extremely poor,it's impossible to get help from banks to start a business.In most cases,a more practical option is getting a job in government agencies because comparatively speaking, government jobs are very stable,which give the poor the opportunities lo be hired for the long term,to increase the“bandwidth(带宽）”of their thinking,and thus making it possible for families to move from poverty to the middle class.

What's the role of government then?When the market can't solve a problem,the government will solve it.And the problem behind the poor is actually the failure of the market. The poor often lack the necessary information to make the right choices and they often carry too much responsibility for their survival to make the best choices.In this sense,Banerjee's research provides a new perspective for governments to understand poverty,so that policies can be tailored to reduce poverty and eventually remove it.

1.What do the poor need to improve their ability according to Banerjee?

A.Ambition.

B.Money.

C.Guidance.

D.Patience.

2.What will probably cause the poor to face financial risks?

A.The high-interest loans.

B.Their small incomes.

C.The financial policies.

D.Their educational backgrounds.

3.What may be a right choice for the poor to get out of poverty?

A.Setting a high goal..

B.Working as civil servants.

C.Opening their mind.

D.Seeking support from banks.

4.What can the government do to get rid of poverty?

A.Adjust the policy.

B.Control the market.

C.Do more research.

D.Offer enough information.

Answer

1.D

2.A

3.B

4.A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。班纳吉指出，因为电视和电子游戏可以帮穷人远离担心，所以穷人更愿意沉迷于电视和电子游戏而不是学习。班纳吉指出，穷人脱贫的最好办法是当公务员，因为公务员稳定。而且，政府可以通过调整政策来帮助穷人脱贫。

1.细节理解题。根据第二段But learning something often takes a lot of time and money to get rewards, while the poor are often impatient due to economic(经济的）reasons, and their life in the meantime is getting more boring.可知，但是，学东西常常要花大量的时间和金钱才能得到回报，但是因为经济原因，穷人经常缺乏耐心，与此同时，他们的生活就变得更无聊。由此可以看出，在班纳吉看来，穷人需要改善的品质是耐心。故选D。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段the poor tend to take higher financial risks-they often have unstable incomes and are unable to get money to start a business from banks, so they rely more on these high-interest loans. And these small loans put a brake on their savings against risks.可知，穷人往往承担更高的金融风险，他们收入不稳定，没钱创业，因此他们更依赖这些高息贷款。这些小额贷款减少了他们的风险储蓄。由此可以看出，可能使穷人面临金融风险的是高息贷款。故选A。

3.细节理解题。根据第四段In most cases,a more practical option is getting a job in government agencies because comparatively speaking, government jobs are very stable可知，大多数情况下，更实用的方式是，在政府部门获得一份工作，因为相对而言，政府的工作很稳定。因此，穷人走出贫穷的正确选择是做公务员。故选B。

4.细节理解题。根据最后一段Banerjee's research provides a new perspective for governments to understand poverty,so that policies can be tailored to reduce poverty and eventually remove it.可知，班纳吉的研究给政府解决贫困提供了新视角，这样就可以调整政策以减少贫困并最终消除贫困。由此可以看出，政府能通过调整政策来帮助脱贫。故选A。