Question

    What happens when the right to know comes up against the right not to know? The ease of genetic testing has brought this question to light. Two _______ legal cases－one in Britain, the other in Germany － stand to alter the way medicine is practised.

Both cases involve Huntington’s disease (HD). whose _______ include loss of co-ordination (协调), mood changes and cognitive (认知的) decline. It develops between the ages of 30 and 50, and is eventually fatal. Every child of an _______ parent has a 50% chance of inheriting it.

In the British case, _______ for trial at the High Court in London in November, a woman known as ABC-to protect the _______ of her daughter, who is a minor-is charging a London hospital, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, for not _______ her father’s diagnosis of HD with her. ABC was pregnant at the time of his diagnosis, in 2009. She argues that had she been aware of it, she would have stopped the pregnancy. As it was, she found out only after giving birth to her daughter. She later tested _______ for HD.

The German case is in some ways the mirror image of the British one. Unlike in Britain, in Germany the right not to know genetic information is protected in law. _______ , in 2011 a doctor informed a woman that her divorced husband - the doctor's patient - had tested positive for HD. This meant their two children were _______  the disease. She accused the doctor, who had acted with his patient's permission. Both children being minors at the time, they could not legally be tested for the disease, which, as the woman’s lawyers pointed out, is currently   ________. They argued that she was therefore helpless to act on the information, and ________ suffered a reactive depression that prevented her from working.

Both cases test a legal grey area. If the right to know is ________ recognized in Britain later this year, that may remove some uncertainties, but it will also create new ones. To what lengths should doctors go to track down and inform family members, ________?

It is the law’s job to ________ these rights for the modern age. When the law falls behind technology, somebody often pays the price, and currently that somebody is ________ . As these two cases demonstrate, they find themselves in a difficult situation - charged if they do, accused if they don't.

1.A.remarkable B.distinct C.contrasting D.dominant

2.A.consequences B.symptoms C.indications D.diagnoses

3.A.influenced B.affected C.inherited D.annoyed

4.A.scheduled B.determined C.approved D.implemented

5.A.possession B.status C.health D.identity

6.A.revealing B.sharing C.reminding D.concealing

7.A.convinced B.suspicious C.infected D.positive

8.A.Nevertheless B.Thus C.Additionally D.Fundamentally

9.A.in advance of B.in the course of C.at the close of D.at the risk of

10.A.inevitable B.inextinguishable C.incurable D.intolerable

11.A.as a result B.after all C.above all D.in return

12.A.financially B.academically C.legally D.culturally

13.A.on occasion B.by comparison C.in effect D.for example

14.A.reserve B.balance C.defend D.draft

15.A.lawmakers B.victims C.patients D.doctors

Answer

1.C

2.B

3.B

4.A

5.D

6.B

7.D

8.A

9.D

10.C

11.A

12.C

13.D

14.B

15.D

【解析】

本文是说明文。文章讲述了父母有致命遗传病基因的话题，就此举了英国和德国的案例进行说明，期待法律能够做出权衡，解决对父母有致命遗传病的知情权的问题。

1.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两起对比性法律案件（一宗在英国，另一宗在德国）开始改变医学的工作方式。A. remarkable非凡的；B. distinct清晰的，确切的；C. contrasting极不相同的，迥异的；D. dominant首要的，占支配地位的。由本段第一句话（当知情权遇到不知情权时会发生什么？）可知，下文提到的两宗案例是具有对比性的。故选C项。

2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个案例均涉及亨廷顿舞蹈病，其症状包括失去协调感，情绪变化和认知能力下降。A. consequences结果；B. symptoms症状；C. indications表明；D. diagnoses诊断。空格后面提到的是疾病的症状。故选B项。

3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：患有这种疾病的父母的每个孩子都有50％的几率遗传到这种疾病。A. influenced受影响的；B. affect有……疾病的，感染……的；C. inherited 继承的；D. annoyed生气的。本句中提到孩子有可能遗传父母的疾病，因此affected修饰父亲或母亲是合适的。故选B项。

4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在英国，“预定”于十一月在伦敦高等法院进行审判的案件中，一名叫ABC的妇女为保护未成年女儿的身份起诉了伦敦一家名为St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust的医院，因为该医院没有与她分享父亲的疾病诊断情况。A. scheduled 预订，预计；B. determined 决定；C. approved批准；D. implemented实施。选择scheduled合乎语境，表示法院定于十一月开庭审理案件。故选A项。

5.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在英国，“预定”于十一月在伦敦高等法院进行审判的案件中，一名叫ABC的妇女为保护未成年女儿的身份起诉了伦敦一家名为St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust的医院，因为该医院没有与她分享父亲的疾病诊断情况。A. possession 拥有；B. status地位；C. health 健康；D. identity身份。母亲选择ABC作为名字是为了保护女儿，不让别人知道她的身份。故选D项。

6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在英国，“预定”于十一月在伦敦高等法院进行审判的案件中，一名叫ABC的妇女为保护未成年女儿的身份起诉了伦敦一家名为St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust的医院，因为该医院没有与她分享父亲的疾病诊断情况。A. revealing透露，显出； B. sharing分享；C. reminding提醒；D. concealing隐藏。由文章的第一段可知，英国的医生没有告知这位女士她父亲的诊断情况。share…with…：与某人分享某事。故选B项。

7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她后来检测HD，发现为阳性。A. convinced 信服的；B. suspicious怀疑的； C. infected 感染的；D. positive积极的，阳性的。下一段出现了positive这个词，这是同词复现。故选D项。

8.考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，2011年，一名医生告知一名妇女，她的前夫（医生的病人）的HD检测呈阳性。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Thus因此； C. Additionally此外；D. Fundamentally根本上。前后两句话的内容在逻辑上是转折的。故选A项。

9.考查短语辨析。句意：这意味着他们的两个孩子有患这种疾病的风险。A. in advance of 提前； B. in the course of 在……过程中；C. at the close of在……结束的时候； D. at the risk of担着……的风险。由第二段最后一句话可知，孩子有可能遗传父母的疾病，因此孩子是有患病的风险的。故选D项。

10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时两个孩子都是未成年人，因此无法合法地检查该病，就像该女士的律师指出的那样，目前这种病是不可治愈的。A. inevitable不可避免的； B. inextinguishable不能消灭的；C. incurable不能治愈的；D. intolerable无法忍受的。由下文的女士的反应可知，目前这种疾病是不能治愈的。故选C项。

11.考查短语辨析。句意：他们争辩说，她因此对这个信息无法采取任何行动，结果，她遭受了反应性的沮丧，这使她无法工作。A. as a result 结果；B. after all 毕竟，终究；C. above all 首先，最重要的是；D. in return作为回报。这位女士听到医生的消息后感到很无助，空后是这件事对她产生的不良影响。故选A项。

12.考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果今年晚些时候英国知情权得到“合法”承认，这可能会消除一些不确定性，但也会带来新的不确定性。A. financially经济上；B. academically学术上；C. legally合法地；D. culturally文化上。这两起案件与法律的规定是密切相关的，选择legally合乎语境，下文的第一句话提到了法律。故选C项。

13.考查短语辨析。句意：例如：医生应追踪多久的信息并告知家人？ A. on occasion有时；B. by comparison对比；C. in effect生效；D. for example例如。前一句提到如果英国法律保障知情权的话，它也会带来新的不确定性，本句是在举例子说明这一点。故选D项。

14.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在现代平衡这些权利是法律的工作。A. reserve 保存；B. balance平衡；C. defend保卫；D. draft起草。由第一段可知，保障知情权和不知情权都会引发问题，因此平衡这些权利是法律的职责所在。故选B项。

15.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当法律落后于技术时，通常有人会为此付出代价，在当前这些人是“医生”。A. lawmakers法律制定者；B. victims受害者；C. patients病人； D. doctors医生。文章的最后一句提到：正如这两个案例所表明的那样，他们发现自己处在困难的境地中，如果他们告知病人实情，他们会受到起诉；如果他们不告知病人实情，他们会受到指控。因此可推断出此处需要填入“医生”。故选D项。