Question

    “Just the man I was looking for,” said a voice at Winston’s back.

He turned round. It was his friend Syme, who worked in the Research Department. Syme was a philologist, a specialist in Newspeak. Indeed, he was one of the enormous team of experts now ______ in compiling the Eleventh Edition of the Newspeak dictionary.

“How is the dictionary ______?” asked Winston.

“Slowly,” said Syme. “I’m on the adjectives. It’s fascinating.”

He had ______ immediately at the mention of Newspeak.

“The Eleventh Edition is the definitive edition,” he said. We’re getting the language into its final shape --- the shape it’s going to have when nobody speaks anything else. When we’ve finished with it, people like you will have to learn it all over again. You think, I dare say, that our chief job is inventing new words. But not a bit of it! We’re ______words --- scores of them, hundreds of them, every day. We’re cutting the language down to the ______. The Eleventh Edition won’t ______ a single word that will become obsolete before the year 2050.”

His thin dark face had become animated and his eyes had grown almost dreamy.

“It’s a beautiful thing, the destruction of words. It isn’t only the synonyms, there are also the antonyms. After all, what justification is there for a word which is simply the opposite of some other words? A word contains its ______in itself. Take ‘good’, for instance. If you have a word like good, what need is there for a word like ‘bad’? ‘Ungood’ will do just as well --- better, because it’s an exact opposite, which the other is not. Or again, if you want a stronger version of ‘good’, what sense is there in having a whole string of ______useless words like ‘excellent’ and ‘splendid’ and all the rest of them? ‘Plusgood’ covers the meaning, or ‘doubleplusgood’ if you want something ______ still. Of course we sue those forms already, but in the final version of Newspeak there’ll be nothing else. In the end the whole notion of goodness and badness will be covered by only six words --- in reality, only one word. Don’t you see the beauty of that, Winston?”

A sort of vapid eagerness fitted across Winston’s face. Nevertheless Syme immediately detected a certain ______ of enthusiasm.

“You haven’t a real appreciation of Newspeak, Winston,” he said almost sadly. “In your heart you’d prefer to ______ to Oldspeak with all its vagueness and its useless shades of meaning. You don’t grasp the beauty of the destruction of words. Do you know that Newspeak is the only language in the world whose vocabulary gets smaller every year? Don’t you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to ______ the range of thought? In the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it. Every concept that can ever be needed will be expressed by exactly one word, with its meaning rigidly ______. Already, in the Eleventh Edition, we’re not ______ that point. But the process will still be continuing ______ you and I are dead. Every year fewer words, and the range of consciousness always a little smaller. Even now, there’s no reason or excuse for committing thoughtcrime. But in the end there won’t be any need even for that. Has it ever occurred to you, Winston, that by the year 2050, at the very latest, not a single human being will be alive who could understand such a conversation as we are having now?”

1.A.engaged B.dressed C.elected D.appointed

2.A.getting on B.putting on C.carrying on D.taking on

3.A.woken up B.brightened up C.put up D.lived up

4.A.escaping B.inventing C.coining D.destroying

5.A.skin B.flesh C.bone D.muscle

6.A.involve B.hold C.contain D.include

7.A.meaning B.similarity C.origin D.opposite

8.A.random B.vague C.precise D.misery

9.A.stronger B.better C.more D.less

10.A.share B.margin C.lack D.ounce

11.A.react B.object C.flee D.stick

12.A.offer B.narrow C.widen D.shoot

13.A.associated B.lost C.defined D.explained

14.A.far from B.close to C.along with D.parallel to

15.A.long after B.long before C.shortly after D.shortly before

Answer

1.A

2.A

3.B

4.D

5.C

6.C

7.D

8.B

9.A

10.C

11.D

12.B

13.C

14.A

15.A

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章描述塞姆跟他的朋友温斯顿讲述他正在编撰第11版新语词典会对语言带来什么样的变化和影响。

1.考查固定搭配。句意：事实上，他是现在从事编纂第11版新语词典的庞大专家团队中的一员。A. engaged从事，参与；B. dressed穿衣；C. elected挑选；D. appointed指定，任命。be engaged in为固定搭配，意为“从事于，忙于”。故选A。

2.考查动词短语辨析。句意：词典写得怎么样了?温斯顿问。A. getting on进展；B. putting on穿上；C. carrying on继续，参与；D. taking on承担，呈现。How is/are sth. getting on?是常见的表达，意为“……进展得怎么样了？”。故选择A。

3.考查动词短语辨析。句意：一提到新话，他立刻高兴起来。A. woken up醒来；B. brightened up变得明亮起来；C. put up张贴；D. lived up不负众望，满足。由第四段的“slowly”可知，Syme当时的情绪是低落的，但at the mention of Newspeak（一提到新话），他情绪便高涨起来。故选择B。

4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们正在摧毁语言——每天几十个，几百个。A. escaping逃脱，逃离；B. inventing发明；C. coining铸造，创造；D. destroying摧毁。由前文You think, I dare say, that our chief job is inventing new words. But not a bit of it!

（我敢说，你认为我们的主要工作是创造新词。但一点也没有）可知，Syme的编撰工作不是创造单词，而是摧毁单词。故选择D。

5.考查名词。句意：我们正在把语言削减到最低限度。A. skin皮肤；B. flesh肉体；C. bone骨头，骨骼；D. muscle肌肉。to the bone为固定搭配，意为“到极点”。故选择C。

6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：第11版将不会包含任何的单词，这些单词在2050年之前会被淘汰。A. involve包含，牵涉；B. hold持有，拥有；C. contain包含；D. include包括。include表示一个整体由几个部分组成，侧重包括者只是整体的一部分。contain指一个整体包括的内容，侧重“内有”的意思。contain更多地用于客观事物，如容器内有什么，什么东西有什么成分等等。 而include多用于虚拟范畴，表示实物以外的东西，如我们今天的任务包括……故选择C。

7.考查名词。句意：每个词都包含着反义词。A. meaning意义；B. similarity相似点；C. origin起源；D. opposite对立面，反义词。由下文Take ‘good’, for instance. If you have a word like good, what need is there for a word like ‘bad’可知，此处讲的是，新词典里的每个词都一起编撰了其反义词。故选择D。

8.考查名词。句意：再一次，如果你想要一个更好的“好”的版本，那么拥有一串模糊无用的词，比如“优秀”、“辉煌”以及其他所有这些词，又有什么意义呢? A. random随意，随机；B. vague模糊的，不明确的；C. precise精确的；D. misery痛苦。分析句子可知，该处讲的是要想解释清楚“好”这个词，用 “优秀”、“辉煌”以及其他同类模糊的词是解释不清楚的。故选择B。

9.考查形容词比较级。句意：如果你想要更强的表达方式，可以用“Plusgood”或者“doubleplusgood” 来表示。A. stronger更强的；B. better更好的；C. more更多；D. less更少。上文说到可以用反义词“坏”来解释“好”这个词，而这里说到，如果想要更强烈的表达方式，可以选择“Plusgood”或者“doubleplusgood”，故选择A。

10.考查固定搭配。句意：尽管如此，赛姆还是立刻觉察到（温斯顿）缺乏热情。A. share分享；B. margin边缘，利润；C. lack缺少，缺乏；D. ounce盎司。由上一句A sort of vapid eagerness fitted across Winston’s face.（温斯顿脸上显出一种干巴巴的急切神情。）可知，温斯顿并不感兴趣塞姆所说的，故而缺乏兴趣。A lack of为固定搭配，意为“缺少，缺乏”。故选择C。

11.考查固定搭配。句意：在你的内心深处，你宁愿坚持老调重弹，含糊其辞，毫无意义。A. react反应；B. object反对；C. flee逃走，消失；D. stick坚持。前文You haven’t a real appreciation of Newspeak可知，塞姆认为温斯顿并没有真正欣赏新语，认为他宁愿坚持老调重弹。且stick to为固定搭配，意为“坚持”。故选择D。

12.考查动词词义辨析。句意：难道你不明白新语的全部目的就是要缩小思想的范围吗? A. offer提供；B. narrow使变狭窄；C. widen扩宽；D. shoot射击。由第5小题处We’re cutting the language down to the ___5___.（我们正在把语言削减到最低限度。）可知，新语是要消减语言的，即使语言变窄，故选择B。

13.考查with的复合结构。句意：每一个需要的概念都将被精确地用一个词来表达，它的意思被严格地定义。A. associated关联，联系；B. lost丢失；C. defined下定义；D. explained解释。塞姆要表达的是新语中every concept只能用exactly one word来解释，即下定义，故C项正确。

14.考查短语辨析。句意：在第11版中，我们已经离这一点不远了。A. far from远离；B. close to接近，靠近；C. along with伴随；D. parallel to与……平行。由第5小题处We’re cutting the language down to the ___5___可知，塞姆他们正在消减语言，消减到“每一个需要的概念都将被精确地用一个词来表达”，即他们正在朝着这个目标前进。故A正确。

15.考查词组辨析。句意：但在你我死后，这个过程还会继续很长时间。A. long after很久以后；B. long before不久以前；C. shortly after不久之后；D. shortly before前不久，不久之前。编撰新语肯定是个很漫长的过程，直到塞姆和温斯顿死后也都可能还未完成。故选择A。