Jackson outlined his vision of a world there would be no wars.
A.when B.where C.what D.which
假定你是晨光中学的李津，你校英语社团将举行征文比赛，致敬援助湖北恩施奋战在抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎第一线的天津医护人员。请你用英语写一封感谢信参赛，内容如下：
（1）表达你的敬意与谢意；
（2）个人感受；
（3）表达决心。
注意：
（1）词数不少于100；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
（3）开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：新冠肺炎：Novel Coronavirus pneumonia；流行病epidemic
Dear medical workers,
I’m Li Jin, a student in Chenguang High School.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Jin
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Hunter Shamatt lost his wallet while he was on a Frontier Airlines flight from Omaha. Upon realizing that his wallet was lost, he contacted the airline to see if anyone had turned it in, but to no avail. Since the wallet contained his ID, a signed paycheck, his debit card, and $60 in cash, he “feared the worst”.
Shortly after the flight, however, Hunter was surprised to receive a package in the mail from an anonymous(匿名的) sender. Inside was his wallet— along with an additional $40 in cash. “I rounded your cash up to an even $100 so you could celebrate getting your wallet back. Have fun!!!”, read a letter that was enclosed with the package.
Hunter’s mother, Jeannie, posted a photo of the letter to social media in hopes that they would be able to track down the sender and thank him for his kindness. All they could know was that the sender’s initials were signed: “T.B”.
The good sender was later identified as Todd Brown, a father-of-five who was delighted at the chance to “have a little fun” with helping out a hard-working stranger.
“I saw he was just a kid, 20 years old, he had a paycheck in there, so I figured, ‘Well, he’s doing his best to make ends meet.’” Brown told Yahoo Lifestyle.
“Hunter was very thankful. He told me he has some student loans and a car payment that he needed to make so the timing was right,” Brown added. “They assumed it was gone forever. So when he opened it, he just started screaming, ‘No way! No way!’”
Brown says that he often tries to do good deeds without any recognition and that’s why he neglected to sign his full name on the letter, but Jeannie later insisted on praising the sender on social media.
“This story is more about restoring faith in people than anything. I personally want to thank Todd Brown for restoring faith that there are amazing people out there and that the world is not as cruel as it’s being made out to be.” she wrote on Facebook.
1.Where did Hunter lose his wallet?（no more than 10 words）
2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 probably mean?（no more than 5 words）
3.What did Todd Brown do after finding the wallet?（no more than 15 words）
4.Why didn’t Todd Brown sign his full name when returning the wallet?（no more than 15 words）
5.How do you understand “faith” among people? Please explain.（no more than 20 words）
It’s common that a Japanese-American bows on the phone—but only in Japanese. Behaviors and manners can become so routine that they appear even when there’s no need for them. Those who are bilingual(双语的) and bicultural know first-hand that how we behave can depend on what language we are speaking. Scientists have shown that who you are in the moment can depend on the language you are using at that time.
This is because when you have an experience, the language you are using becomes associated with it. For bilingual people, this means certain memories are more closely associated with one language than the other—a phenomenon called “language-dependent memory”. For example, a childhood memory is more likely to be remembered when the language spoken during that childhood event is spoken again.
How we think and feel can thus change depending on what language we are using. For example, people who are bilingual have an intensified stress response when listening to the words of scolding in a native language. This may be, in part, because our early memories associated with learning a “bad” word or being scolded by our parents happened in our native language.
Because emotions play a key role in how we make decisions, people are often more sensible when making choices in the less emotional foreign language. Language can even influence our decisions. When asked whether they would be willing to give one person’s life to save a group, people who speak more than one language are much more likely to say “yes” when answering in a foreign language. The unpleasant feelings that can prevent us from making difficult choices are reduced when we’re using a non-native language.
The language we speak has an influence on how we think, feel, and even behave. In a way, knowing different languages can provide people with a variety of views through which to see the world.
1.Why is the example of the Japanese-American mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A.To show Japanese people are polite.
B.To show bowing is good manners.
C.To show culture affects a person greatly.
D.To show language affects a person’s behavior.
2.Why is a “language-dependent memory” so called ?
A.Memories are greatly influenced by a certain language.
B.A childhood memory can be recalled in a certain language.
C.A good memory can help you learn a language well.
D.A language can determine a person’s memory.
3.What does the underlined word “intensified” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Obvious. B.Abnormal.
C.Increased. D.Limited.
4.When can a person who is bilingual make a sensible decision?
A.When speaking a native language.
B.When speaking a foreign language.
C.When making a random choice.
D.When feeling very delighted.
5.What is the best title for the text?
A.Language determines your character
B.You are what you are speaking
C.A new language, a new self
D.More languages, better future
Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike. The research was led by engineers from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. It can strike between clouds or between a cloud and the ground. Since lightning carries an extremely powerful electrical charge, it can be destructive and deadly. It is difficult to know exactly how many people die of lightning-related causes. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power failure, destroy property, damage electrical equipment and start forest fires.
For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict and control lightning. The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning. The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity (湿度) and wind speed. The atmospheric data was placed into a machine learning algorithm (计算程序), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
“Once trained, the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time,” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement. “It can now be used anywhere.”
Amirhossein Mostajabi, a PhD student at the institute, said current systems for gathering such data are slow and complex and require costly collection equipment like radar or satellites. “Our method uses data that can be obtained from any weather station,” he said. “This will improve data collection in very remote areas not covered by radar and satellite or in places where communication systems have been cut,” he added.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection system. Scientists working on the Paris-based project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity. The idea is that powerful, ground-based lasers can be positioned in the sky to direct energy from lightning.
1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly focus on?
A.The cause of lightning. B.The forming process of lighnting.
C.The destruction of lightning. D.The difficulty to count the deaths.
2.Which is the correct order of how the system works?
① develop a prediction model.
② learn to recognize weather conditions.
③ collect related data.
④ input the data onto the computer.
⑤ make predictions.
A.①→②→③→④→⑤ B.③→④→①→②→⑤
C.①→②→④→③→⑤ D.③→①→②→⑤→④
3.What’s the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology’s attitude toward the system?
A.Satisfied. B.Doubtful.
C.Negative. D.Neutral.
4.The advantage of the new system for collecting data lies in its .
A.accuracy B.efficiency
C.wide coverage D.reliability
5.What does the Paris-based project aim to do?
A.Identify lighting. B.Predict lighting.
C.Stop lighting. D.Control lighting.
One of the important subjects in contemporary poetry is identity—with an open-ended explanation of that word. Poets, young and old, are exploring what identity is, using their own lives as the background.
British poet Phoebe Power, in her first collection of poems, Shrines of Upper Austria, explores a different aspect of identity: a personal understanding of national identity. The collection received the Forward Prize for Best First Collection and was on the final list for the T.S. Eliot Prize.
Power was born in Newcastle-on-Tyne and raised in Cumbria. She has taken part in a number of performance art and video art projects. She received a Northern Writers’ Award in 2014 and an Eric Gregory Award from the Society of Authors in 2012. Now she lives in York in northern England.
Power’s starting point is her grandmother. She came to England from Austria as a new bride married to a British soldier in 1946, the first year after the end of World WarⅡ. Imagine the reactions of her British neighbors and her new British family. Imagine what she had left behind. The grandmother’s experiences influenced Power greatly.
In Shrines of Upper Austria, we walk with the poet to see her grandmother’s life before Britain. We can learn about the small town where she lived, the bodies of water, and buildings that existed when her grandmother lived there. Power also added some prose(散文) to the book, which tells us some stories of her grandmother’s early life. For example, it tells the stories about how her grandmother was found as a baby and given to a farmer when she was two.
The poems in the collection are pieces of a life. We can no more walk in our grandparents’ shoes than they can walk in ours. However, we can study old family photographs. We can see pieces of their lives—where they lived, perhaps; where they played as children; what lakes or rivers they swam in. Like Power, we are left with pieces. These pieces don’t all make sense, but collectively they show a life.
1.What’s the function of Paragraph 1?
A.To explain what identity is.
B.To inform us the likes of poetry.
C.To make a summary of the text.
D.To introduce what will be discussed next.
2.What do we know about Power’s collection of poems?
A.It reflects her own life.
B.It explores national identity.
C.It is similar to other collective poems.
D.It fails to be recognized by the public.
3.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A.Power’s birthplace. B.Power’s talents.
C.Power’s basic background. D.Power’s achievements.
4.What can we find in Shrines of Upper Austria?
A.The early life of Power.
B.The life and culture in Austria.
C.The marriage of Power’s grandmother.
D.The life of Power’s grandmother in Britain.
5.What’s the purpose of the last Paragraph?
A.To persuade readers to buy Power’s poems.
B.To inform readers of the regrets of grandparents.
C.To show elderly people are a useful source of stories.
D.To show the significance of learning about the past from poems.
