Question

    Researchers in Singapore found that eating mushrooms over twice per week could help prevent memory and language problems later in life.

According to the study, published in The Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, there is a unique antioxidant (抗氧化物质) present in mushrooms that helps protect certain brain functions.

Researchers observed 663 Chinese adults aged over 60 whose diets and lifestyles were tracked from 2011 to 2017. In the study, the participants were asked how often they ate six different types of mushrooms: oyster, shiitake, white button, dried, golden and tinned. The findings showed that eating more than two shares of mushrooms per week somehow lowered the chances of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by 50% against those who ate fewer than one share.

MCI is a condition that can make people forgetful, affect their memory and cause problems with language, attention and finding the exact position of objects in space. Changes in behavior can be not very noticeable and not serious enough to be known as dementia (痴呆).

Participants who ate more mushrooms were found to perform better in thinking and processing exams and also exhibited a faster processing speed. The advantage was reportedly more apparent in those who ate more than two shares a week or more than 300 grams.

The scientists pointed out, however, that they have yet to put up a direct link between the fungi(蘑菇) and brain function.

The researchers also acknowledged that since this study mainly relied on self-reported information on mushroom intake and other dietary factors, further studies may be required. Still, the lead study author Lei Feng is encouraged by their findings. ''This relevance is surprising and encouraging, '' Lei said.

Mushrooms are one of the richest dietary sources of ergothioneine (麦角硫茵氨基酸) — a substance which we humans can’t make on our own.

1.What aspect of research did researchers mainly do in paragraph 3?

A.Culture of diets. B.Existence of MCI.

C.The types of mushrooms. D.The benefit of eating mushrooms.

2.What can we know about MCI?

A.It can affect memory seriously.

B.It can result in language problems.

C.It can make people easy to be lost.

D.It can reduce the chance of forgetfulness.

3.What is the result if students often eat more mushrooms?

A.They love communicating with others.

B.Their thinking ability is quicker than the majority.

C.Their processing speed will be faster.

D.Their academic performance improves significantly.

4.Where is this passage most likely from?

A.A science report. B.An advertisement.

C.Adult’s literature. D.Scientific fiction.

Answer

1.D

2.B

3.C

4.A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。调查者们发现每周吃蘑菇超过两次有助于人们注意和语言能力。针对这项研究，研究者们做了一些实验，最后证明：蘑菇是硫组氨酸三甲内盐最丰富的膳食来源之一，硫组氨酸三甲内盐是一种我们人类无法制造的物质。

1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段的The findings showed that eating more than two shares of mushrooms per week somehow lowered the chances of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by 50% against those who ate fewer than one share.(研究结果显示，每周食用超过两份蘑菇的人比食用少于一份蘑菇的人患轻度认知障碍的几率低50%)可知，第三段的实验主要是关于吃蘑菇的益处。D. The benefit of eating mushrooms.(吃蘑菇的益处)符合以上说法，故选D项。

2.细节理解题。根据第四段的MCI is a condition that can make people forgetful, affect their memory and cause problems with language, attention and finding the exact position of objects in space.可知，MCI是一种能使人健忘、影响记忆、引起语言、注意力和在空间中找到物体确切位置的疾病。B. It can result in language problems.(它会导致语言问题)符合以上说法，故选B项。

3.细节理解题。根据第五段的Participants who ate more mushrooms were found to perform better in thinking and processing exams and also exhibited a faster processing speed.(吃了蘑菇的参与者被发现在思考和处理考试的表现上更好，并展示了一个更快的处理速度)可知，吃更多蘑菇的学生，他们处理问题的速度更快。C. Their processing speed will be faster.(他们的处理速度会更快)符合以上说法，故选C项。

4.推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的Researchers in Singapore found that eating mushrooms over twice per week could help prevent memory and language problems later in life.(新加坡的研究人员发现吃蘑菇超过每周两次可以帮助阻止年老时的记忆和语言问题)可知，本文主要讲述了吃蘑菇对人的好处，这属于科学范畴。由此推测本文很有可能出现在一份科学报告上。A. A science report.(一份科学报告)符合以上推测，故选A项。