阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
In 1971, China’s first subway line in Beijing was formally put into operation. By December 2017, there were 171 subway lines stretching over 5,083 km in 35 cities on the Chinese mainland. Currently, China has the longest urban railway network in the world, which is predicted to surpass 6000 km by 2020.
The rapid development of China’s urban railway system reflects the country’s growing economic strength. The system has experienced the fastest growth over the past 15 years due to the investment of wealth accumulated from the reform and opening up in urban infrastructure construction. An urban railway system is expensive to build, with one kilometer of subway costing approximately 700 million yuan ($110 million). A city without economic strength cannot develop such an expensive system.
The progress in urban railway construction technologies has also contributed to the fast expansion of the infrastructure. Subway construction involves building underground tunnels, laying rails, manufacturing trains and the operation and management of subways. It is a systematic project which not only covers traditional infrastructure building but also modem electronics and information technology. China s railway construction technologies are the best in the world, with Chinese subway trains now exported to developed countries including the United States.
The expansion of Chinese cities has made it necessary to develop urban railway systems. Since the start of the reform and opening up, a large number of people have migrated to cities and the number of private cars has increased dramatically, resulting in serious traffic congestion. Building subways has become an important way to solve this problem.
This year marks the 40th anniversary of the launch of China’s reform and opening up, and the rapid development of China’s urban railway system exemplifies the achievements made by the policy. As China furthers its opening up, it will continue to maintain steady and rapid economic growth and railway systems will be available in more and more cities.
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假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom来信说他对中医感兴趣，想来中国学习。请你给他回封 邮件，具体内容如下：
1.支持他的决定；
2.简单介绍中医及其优点；
3.学习中医的好处。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
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Yours,
Li Hua
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
No more do you have to enter a bank to withdraw money or transfer it to someone. Many banks have already made transactions (业务，交易) possible online and 1. (access) to people everywhere. Companies like PayPal and Venmo have created platforms where people can send and receive money from any location 2. (use) the Internet.
Paying bills has also become simplified, thanks 3. technology. You can 4.(automatic) schedule payments when they are due rather than having to remember 5. (mail) a check. With your cell phone and a banking app, you can manage all of your necessary bill payments online.
Setting up automated payments through a banking app is especially helpful for seniors 6. may have memory problems. Caregivers or loved ones can help set up recurring (反复出现)bill payments so there’s never a question 7. or not a bill will be paid on time.
It’s even simple to pay for things using only your smartphone. With Apple Pay and Google Wallet, you don’t need to carry cash when you go shopping. These apps securely link your bank account to your mobile phone. The same 8. (machine) you use to swipe (刷磁卡) your credit card at the store now allow mobile payments from your phone.
Keeping up with all of these innovations may seem like 9. struggle, but these technologies can simplify your life to help you worry about far 10. (few) things.
With all of the payment capabilities available these days, you could leave home without your wallet be just fine
The idea of being quarantined (隔离)hadn't seemed like a major issue until we all began to realize all of the things that get taken away when school goes. We had taken our "normal" lives for granted and this pandemic (流行病)was proof.1. Throughout our entire educational lives, we students have always jokingly said we wanted school to be cancelled. We didn't realize, however, that all the activities associated with being in school would be taken away too. School has an influence on so much more than we actually think.2.
While in my room, my sixth-grade cousin opened my door and expressed how she didn't want school to be cancelled because it was the only reason she left the house.3. This is when I began to acknowledge the true impact school has even on the youngest of children. As a sixth-grader, her only known duty so far was to go to school, learn, maybe participate in a sport or two, and socialize with others. When eating dinner my uncle shared with us that he has no work until April 15. My other aunt and uncle now had to play a larger role than ever imagined in the education of their children. Without one-on-one interaction with a teacher, it's crucial to ensure that their kids of ages 4 and 7 continue learning. During this school closure, parents and students alike have noticed the direct effect social media has on our reactions.4. Many of these opinions either contribute to hysteria (歇斯底里)or attempt to tell us that we may be overreacting.
5. This pandemic has effects of all different levels of significance, many of which can never be replaced nor made up. The death toll it has worldwide is even more frightening to think about. Everyone is affected in one way or another by this crisis, but let us not forget what school has taught us about ourselves as a community ... that we are stronger together.
A.Initially, everything seemed to be under control.
B.She explained how she would be bored without school.
C.It has provided us with friend groups, hobbies and passions.
D.Since this didn't affect us at all, we continued about our daily lives.
E.Opinions of all sorts are broadcast regardless of the accuracy they contain.
F.We took for granted the simplicity of walking across a stage with a diploma in our hands.
G.However, the impact the coronavirus has had on the world is a generation-changing event.
When a laptop or smartphone battery starts losing its power, the only options are to buy an expensive replacement or just keep it plugged in all the time. But a woman Mya Le Thai may have found the solution to this problem.
Thai was frustrated that the batteries for her wireless devices degraded (退化) over time, until they failed to charge fully. She did not like having to keep her laptop connected to an electrical outlet to keep it powered on. So, she decided to do something about that problem. At first, she and her team at UC Irvine thought about inventing a new battery. But as they experimented, Thai discovered something that might permit lithium-ion (锂离子) batteries to last forever.
Lithium-ion batteries power most wireless devices. Over time, the batteries lose the ability to hold a charge. Most of these batteries have a lifespan of about 7,000 charging cycles before they die. One of the reasons lithium-ion batteries degrade is their use of nanowires to carry electricity. Nano wires are extremely thin. A human hair is thousands of times thicker, for example. Nano wires are extremely efficient carriers of electricity, which makes them useful in batteries.
But, Thai had a theory — the nanowires might last longer if covered with a gel (凝胶). She and her team tested this theory. “It was a long process and a lot of work,” Thai said. The team tried many coverings for the wires. PMMA, a type of plastic, was one of them. The nanowires were coated with PMMA and cycled through charging 200,000 times. The PMMA-coated nanowires showed no evidence of damage. The results suggest that batteries could last forever without losing charging ability.
Thai hopes to continue her research to understand why this gel works so well and to see if any other gel could create better results and she is enjoying the publicity about her discovery. She said she never expected her research to get media coverage. “It’s kind of cool,” she said. “I’m really glad people are showing interest in my work and not just in the work itself; but also in technology and energy.”
1.Why did Mya Le Thai work on lithium-ion batteries?
A.She disliked the batteries for her laptop.
B.Her team were ordered to invent a new battery.
C.Many people thought batteries were too expensive.
D.The batteries would soon fail to get fully charged.
2.What can we infer about nanowires?
A.They are too weak to carry electricity.
B.They are not suitable to use in batteries.
C.They Iasi exactly 7,000 charging cycles.
D.Their thinness is a cause of batteries degrading.
3.What was Thai and her team’s breakthrough?
A.Coating nanowires in a gel. B.A new kind of battery.
C.New materials for batteries. D.A new way of charging batteries.
4.What may be the best title for the passage?
A.Mya Le Thai discovered nanowires B.A woman invents a lasting battery
C.The options of batteries for wireless devices D.The reasons for batteries degrading
Sleepiness and boredom lead to yawning (打哈欠), so it has long been believed that the action makes us feel more awake by stretching the muscles surrounding the lungs, or by bringing more oxygen to the blood and the brain. Yet in tests, breathing air with high levels of carbon dioxide or even pure oxygen made no difference to the frequency of yawns.
Another theory, proposed by the French physician Olivier, is that yawning improves the circulation of the fluid (液体) that surrounds the brain. As a result, we can focus better on a task. This might explain why athletes often yawn naturally before they compete.
Recently, though, a new explanation has appeared: Yawning is a way to cool the brain. Experiments led by Gordon Gallup at the University at Albany showed that people yawned far less when their head was cooled by a cold pack compared with holding a heated pack to their forehead The temperature of the brain rises when we are tired, so it is possible that yawning is a way to protect the brain from overheating due to tiredness.
But a strange thing is that when we see another person yawn, we catch it too. In other words, yawning is contagious.
How can we make sense of these different types of yawning? It’s possible that contagious yawning is something different, and might have a social purpose. Steven Palek and his colleagues at the University at Albany say that contagious yawning may be linked to our ability to understand what others want to do. If you are good at reading others’ facial expressions you are more likely to “catch” a yawn. Therefore, lonely people tend to be less affected by yawing, according to research by Atsushi Senju, now at Birkbeck, University of London.
So the simple act of yawning tursout to be surprisingly complex Has this research made you yawn yet?
1.Based on the theory of Olivier, yawning ________.
A.is caused by lack of sleep
B.contributes to concentration
C.is a way to bring more oxygen to the blood
D.increases the circulation of the fluid in lungs
2.The underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________.
A.Infectious B.Influential
C. Attractive D.Comfortable
3.How is the passage mainly developed?
A.By making comparisons.
B.By listing different figures.
C.By providing explanations.
D.By telling personal experiences.
