Question

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

While contact between adolescents(between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers(同龄人) is universal characteristic of all cultures， the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.

This pattern of age segregation(隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults， with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults.

School reform efforts during the nineteenth century， which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades， have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children.

Finally， the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 to 1975， the adolescent population increased dramatically， from 11 percent to 20 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size as well as in terms of its impact on society's other cultures(adults， younger children).

Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents’daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In typical week， high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade， adults excluding parents account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous(自治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents， adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Answer

Adolescent peer culture is a universal phenomenon and for American adolescents more time is spent with peers than with younger children or adults. Firstly， changes in the workplace reduce the amount of time adolescents spend with their parents. School reforms also result in less time spent with younger children. Additionally， the increase in adolescent population is another contributing factor. Research shows adolescents' gradual separation from adults starts in their early teens when they manage to escape adult supervision.

【解析】

这是一篇概要写作题型。要求考生根据短文写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤：

1. 读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，学会剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同体裁的文章内部的逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。如本题属于说明文题材，说明文的特点是首段一般会提出本文要说明的对象，然后每一段就说明对象的几个方面进行介绍。本文第一段的主题句是“In American contemporary society adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.”，表示的是在美国当代社会中，青少年比起和更小的儿童或者成年人，他们把更多的时间花在他们的同龄人身上，这是本文要说明的现象。第二段主题句是“Changes in the workplace separated children from adults”表示的是工作场所的改变使得儿童和成年人分隔，这是对首段提出的现象出现的原因的说明。第三段主题句是“School reform efforts have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children.”表示的是学校改革成就减少了成年人和年少儿童的时间，这是对首段提出的现象出现的原因的说明。第四段主题句是“the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture.”表示的是人口方面的变化被认为是可能导致成年人-同龄人文化出现的因素。这是对首段提出的现象出现的原因的说明。第五段主题句是“adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.”表示的是青少年同龄人组通常努力去逃避成年人的监管并且通常是成功的，这也是对首段提出的现象出现的原因的说明。

2. 组织语言，转换表达。在找到主题句明确全文中心的基础上，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，组织好语言，注重语言表达的独立性和准确性以及高级性，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要的内容。如首段主题句“In American contemporary society adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.”可改写为American adolescents spent more time with peers than with younger children or adults。

3. 通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词，衔接词去连贯全文。如：

1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last

2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,

3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…

4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result