阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Normally a student must attend a number of courses in order to graduate. In many American universities，the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses，each 1. (last) for one semester. When attending a university, a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester and a diploma 2. (expect) to be obtained after four years’ academic study. It is possible for a student to move between one university and 3. during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.
All this 4. (true) imposes constant pressure and a strain of work, but 5. this many students still find time for great activities in student affairs. 6. (elect) to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The 7. (effect) work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students, 8. advise the academic authorities. With the enormous numbers of students，the operation of the system does 9. (involve) a certain amount of work. It is a commonly 10. (hold) belief that students holding one of these positions of authority are much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.
Black Friday refers to the day after Thanksgiving. On this particular day, crowds of shoppers flood into stores to________ the season’s biggest holiday bargains. But the real story behind Black Friday is a bit________.
The most commonly repeated story behind the post-Thankgiving shopping-related Black Friday tradition________ it to retailers (零售商). As the story goes，after an entire year of_________ at a loss, stores would earn a profit，________ in black ink， on the day after Thanksgiving，________ holiday shoppers blew so much money on________ products. Though it’s true that retail companies used to record ________ in red and profits in black when doing their________，this version of Black Friday’s origin is not an accurate story behind the________.
The true story behind Black Friday is not as________ as retailers might have you believe. Back in the 1950s， the________in the city of Philadelphia used the term to________the chaos that happened on the day after Thanksgiving，when tens of thousands of suburban shoppers and tourists flooded into the city ________ the big Army-Navy football game held on that Saturday every year. The police would have to take extra-long________ and not be able to take the day off so as to deal with the________ crowds.
The term didn’t ________ to the rest of the country until much later. Sometime in the late 1980s， retailers found a way to turn it into something that reflected ________ on them. The result was the “red to black” concept mentioned earlier. The Black Friday story________ in shopper’s mind， and pretty soon the term’s darker ________ in Philadelphia were largely forgotten.
1.A.take care of B.take part in C.take pride in D.take advantage of
2.A.complicated B.considerable C.complete D.controversial
3.A.contributes B.links C.tells D.leaves
4.A.thinking B.operating C.applying D.falling
5.A.signed B.decorated C.painted D.marked
6.A.because B.unless C.though D.until
7.A.expensive B.fashionable C.discounted D.necessary
8.A.interests B.advantages C.costs D.losses
9.A.accounting B.designing C.selling D.marketing
10.A.habit B.vacation C.tradition D.company
11.A.sunny B.wild C.strange D.well-known
12.A.people B.shoppers C.retailers D.police
13.A.handle B.describe C.produce D.defeat
14.A.in advance of B.at the end of C.in favor of D.by means of
15.A.age B.shifts C.position D.exercise
16.A.possible B.native C.additional D.unexpected
17.A.appeal B.return C.lead D.spread
18.A.positively B.objectively C.creatively D.conservatively
19.A.shined B.whispered C.stuck D.disappeared
20.A.roots B.mistakes C.secrets D.forces
Wanting to be more responsible is admirable. Being responsible can seem hard at first, but if you keep at it, it will become second nature to you!
1. But to show that you can care for yourself and others, you need to do things before you’re asked. That shows you are responsible enough to see what needs to be done and take care of it. When you have a family, friends, or pets, being responsible may mean placing their needs above your own. 2. But it does mean you may need to take care of yourself later if someone you love has a need right now.
Being consistent is of great importance. 3. If you want to be responsible, then you have to find a routine that works for you and stick to it. For instance, don’t just study for ten hours in a row and then give up on studying for three weeks; instead, spend one hour every day looking over the course material.
In daily life, problems come up in any relationship. 4. A responsible person looks for solutions instead of trying to decide whose fault it is. Similarly, don’t attack someone instead of dealing with the issue and you should take time to think your words through. 5. If you find it difficult to control what you’re saying, try counting to ten in your head as you take deep breaths.
A.Don’t let your anger get the better of you.
B.That doesn’t mean you don’t take care of yourself.
C.Doing just the things you are asked to do is responsible.
D.Your responsibility won’t mean much if it is hit or miss.
E.Instead of blaming the other person, try to find a way to solve them.
F.Where you show you’re responsible is when you can say you made a mistake.
G.Staying consistent also means keeping your word you make to yourself and others.
There is good reason to believe that emerging digital technologies can improve the functioning of agriculture markets at a very low cost per farmer.
Mobile phones, particularly GPS-enabled smartphones, make the provision of tailored information much easier than before. Recommendations for agrochemical inputs that address specific soil conditions can improve yields while reducing environmentally harmful and wasteful use. Farmers can tailor their investment decisions to expected weather patterns and benefit from improvements in weather forecasting. As smartphone use continues to expand, farmers will increasingly have the means to watch videos demonstrating new agricultural techniques or take pictures of pests affecting their crops and either request automatic identification and recommendations or raise questions with agronomists. Finally, digital agricultural services can improve the functioning of agricultural supply chains. For example, these services could make it easier for farmers to check and compare input or output prices ; and facilitate coordination among farmers in an area and with traders.
However, despite the potential of digital agriculture, reasons for skepticism remain. Overcoming informational restrictions may not result in substantially increased agricultural productivity, given the existence of other barriers such as input shortages at local markets, and missing insurance markets. Informational barriers are also important, and mobile phone messages may not overcome them: some farmers ignore messages, especially from unknown sources. Some farmers are illiterate and have difficulty using voice menus. Senders may design obscure and confusing messages or may provide messages designed to target objectives at odds with farmer interests. Effective communication may require pictures or video. Smartphones are thus required to receive these messages, but few farmers currently have access to this technology in the poorest countries. Finally, farmers may begin to ignore reminders they are repeated too often, or they may be annoyed by unwanted messages, which could lead to reduced trust in the messaging system.
1.According to Para 2, what can farmers do in digital agriculture?
A.They can use agrochemical to handle environmental problems.
B.They can adjust investment decisions based on weather forecasts.
C.They can identify pests on their crops by watching videos.
D.They can compete with others in prices in an efficient way.
2.What does the underlined phrase“at odds with”in the last paragraph mean?
A.In disagreement with. B.By means of.
C.In line with. D.Apart from.
3.Which of the following is NOT considered as an informational barrier?
A.Shortages of input in local markets and lack of insurance markets.
B.No access to digital technology in poorest countries.
C.Failure to read or use the voice menu on mobile phones.
D.Loss of interest and ignorance of the intended messages.
4.What is the author’s attitude towards digital agriculture?
A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Objective. D.Negative.
Since the time of Socrates, it has been widely said that art imitates life. In the case of literature, however, it would be more accurate to say that art reflects life. The writings of the Romantics were a natural result of life in 19th century America and American Romanticism was the first truly American literary movement, including a group of authors who wrote and published between 1820 and 1860.
The unique American history and landscape had a profound influence on the romanticists. Many were writing not long after the War of 1812. This was a time of growth and expansion and their idealism fueled high hopes for the infant nation. The country was moving westward into vast newly acquired territory. The frontier, both as a place and a concept, became an important representation of the American spirit.
While American Romanticism was a new attitude toward nature, it was also a new attitude toward people, promoting the solitary individual standing against society. Individualism is a typical American value and was central to their writings, which urged people to follow their inner knowing regardless of the pressure to conform.
Romantic writers rebelled against the idea that reason was the best tool for discovering truth. Instead, they deliberately explored feeling, imagination, fantasy, and belief. Their style took advantage of personal freedom in order to break through the wall separating the author and the reader, and gave the author the freedom to comment on the events in the story in novel ways.
Stylistically, the American romantics liked to experiment with form and the novel became an important vehicle for expression, unlike the European romantics who focused mainly on poetry. They also made clever use of symbols to refer to truths or knowledge that exist beyond rationality (合理性).
1.What increased hopes for the newly born America?
A.The War of 1812. B.The belief of romanticists.
C.The western territory. D.The history of America.
2.Which of the following is an ideal of American romantic writers?
A.Reason should be involved to find out truth. B.The author and the reader need to be separated.
C.Individuals should follow their heart. D.Nature is more important than humans.
3.What literary form did American romantics mainly adopt to express their ideas?
A.Poetry. B.Use of symbols. C.Novels. D.Drama.
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A.Advances in American history. B.The rebellion of Romantic writers.
C.A new attitude to people. D.Romanticism in American literature.
Nakushi didn’t tell her parents when the older boys started to harass (骚扰) her on her way from her home to school in south Delhi, seizing her hand and shouting “kiss me”，because she knew she would get the blame. She was right: when her family found out, they banned her from going back to school，worried about the effect on their“honor”. The plan now is to get her married. She is 16.
Sumen，a 35-year-old mother， is battling for her child’s future， too. Her nine-year-old son， Kapil, has learning disabilities and she has tried and failed to get him into school every year. Finally, the authorities have agreed he should get some education，but it’s only for one day a week.
In India，a free and compulsory education is guaranteed for all children aged between 6 and 14. But going to school is one thing; the quality of the education you get is another. Within government schools，pupils face many challenges: overcrowded classrooms, absent teachers and dirty conditions are common complaints，which can lead parents to decide it is not worth their child going to school. Inside one of the schools, some of the classrooms have low benches and desks. In others，the lttle girls sit on the floor， books in their laps. In several, no teacher is present; one man appears to be responsible for three of the small rooms.
It is girls, the very poor and the disabled who are often left behind. Nakushi had imagined herself working for the police, or becoming a teacher.“ My parents are looking for a boy for me," she says. “They say I can get married and then I can study. But I know that once I get married, it will become very difficult. My dream will never come true.”
1.Why didn’t Nakushi tell her parents about the harassment?
A.She was unwilling to leave school. B.She didn’t want to get married.
C.She thought it wouldn’t help. D.She worried about the honor.
2.Why couldn’t Kapil have regular school education?
A.His family gave up on him. B.He had difficulty in learning.
C.His mother couldn’t afford it. D.The authorities treated him unfairly.
3.What can be inferred from the third paragraph?
A.All children must go to government schools.
B.Few parents choose government schools for their kids.
C.Facilities in government schools are far from satisfactory.
D.Shortage of teachers is the biggest problem in government schools.
4.Which could be the best title for the text?
A.Nakushi’s Impossible Dream
B.Big Challenges in Indian Children’s Education
C.Girls Facing Difficulty in Education
D.Hope for a Better Learning Environment
