By the end of the century, if not sooner, oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物)called phytoplankton. Owing to the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colorful patterns on the ocean surface. Ocean color varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, resulting in changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Living on the ocean surface, Phytoplankton absorb carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When they die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, and help to adjust the global climate. But phytoplankton are allergic to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes essential characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the ocean color would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, a warming will make conditions suitable for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. “If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean,” Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever color changes the ocean may experience in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the color of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have transformed our planet.”
1.What is the major cause that directly results in changes in the ocean’s color?
A.The temperature of sea water.
B.The type and concentration of phytoplankton.
C.The oxygen given off by phytoplankton.
D.The amount of carbon dioxide in the area.
2.What can be learned from the passage?
A.Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
B.Phytoplankton are of little significance in Dutkiewicz’s research.
C.Phytoplankton are not sensitive to the warming trend in the ocean.
D.A warming trend helps phytoplankton grow and oceans may appear greener.
3.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To describe the importance of phytoplankton.
B.To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
C.To introduce a new approach to phytoplankton study.
D.To assess the consequences of changes in ocean color.
Children are becoming addicted to social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned. It found many youngsters measure their status(形象) by public approval they get online, often through “likes”. Some change their conduct in real life to improve their image online.
The research into youngsters aged from 8 to 16 was carried out by Children's Commissioner(专员) Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major psychological risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to deal with the huge pressure they faced online. Youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk, not responding to social media posts quickly and around the clock.
Children aged 8 to 10 were "starting to feel happy" when others liked their posts. However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were "concerned with how many people like their posts", indicating a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.
Children tended to compare themselves to others online. "Then there is this push to connect—if offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show you don't care about those you are following, all come together in a huge way at once." Miss Longfield said, "For children it’s very difficult to handle." The Commissioner found children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for fun.
However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they grew, they became increasingly anxious online. When they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more conscious of their image online and felt more pressure to ensure popularity of their posts, the research found.
Meanwhile, they still did not know how to dispose of mean-spirited jokes, or the possible sense of inability if compared with celebrities(名人) or more brilliant friends online. They also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.
The Commissioner advocated schools and parents do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield(雷区) . "It's vital that new age-appropriate relationship and sex education lessons help equip children to deal with growing demands of social media.” Social media companies must "take more responsibility" and monitor websites better or adjust their websites to the needs of youngsters.
1.What may account for Children’s addiction to social media?
A.To get their status recognized. B.To reduce psychological risks.
C.To change their conduct in real life. D.To deal with huge emotional pressure.
2.How was the research conducted?
A.It covered children of all ages.
B.It sought assistance help from parents.
C.It was sponsored by social media companies.
D.It divided children into groups and compared them.
3.During the process of addiction, children have a tendency to ________.
A.switch off from social media platforms
B.become less conscious of their image online
C.pick up anxiety and pressure steadily while becoming older
D.develop skills to dispose of mean-spirited jokes and the sense of loss
4.How should the problem solved according to Anne Longfield ?
A.Children should be banned from visiting the web.
B.Schools must keep track of children's use of social media.
C.It demands cooperation among families, schools and companies.
D.Social media companies need to create more apps to satisfy youngsters.
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.
The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt severely. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. Actually, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.
1.The author referred to his experience in the 7th year to ________.
A.treasure his precious old days B.prove his inability in sports then
C.defend himself from prejudice D.convey his gratitude to the teacher
2.What happened to the author eventually during his first marathon?
A.He succeeded for a strong will. B.He quit running halfway.
C.He was awarded the first prize. D.He walked to the end.
3.What does the story mainly tell us?
A.One is never too old to learn. B.Failure is the mother of success.
C.Family support is the fountain of success. D.Success can be acquired with a great effort of will.
假定你是李华，下周将有一些来自友好学校的英国师生到你校进行一周的友好访问，请你代表全体师生用英语写一篇欢迎词，内容包括：
1. 欢迎英国客人的到来；
2. 介绍在你校期间活动安排（参观学校、足球比赛、参观中国家庭吃中国美食等）：
3. 你的祝愿。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Honorable British guests, dear teachers and fellow students,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在此处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出修改的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从11处起）不计分。
I went to watch the ballet, the Peony Pavilion last Sunday’s evening. Because I think ballet was more or less the same everywhere, I was totally unprepared for its uniquely beauty. I was absorb as soon as the curtain rose. The performance borrowed a lot from Chinese dance and its the music, but the East influences on the ballet was clear. The production was filled in colors and romantic symbols, and challenged my senses in many different way. So much did I enjoy it that it changed opinion about ballet. I can’t wait to going again!
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mask-Wearing, Common in Asia, Spreads in the West
PARIS — Until a few weeks ago, Asian tourists were 1. only mask wearers in Paris, 2.(cause) puzzlement or suspicion from French locals or even hostility as the coronavirus began sweeping across Europe.
Four days into a national lockdown to stem the outbreak, the French government spokeswoman, Sibeth Ndiaye, warned that face masks were so 3. (familiar) that wearing them was too difficult technically and could even be “counterproductive (适得其反).” Even Thursday morning, when 4. (ask) whether she wore a mask or made her children wear one, she said, “Oh, no, not at all.”
This taboo is falling fast, not only in France but across Western countries, after increasing 5.(cry) from experts who say the practice is effective in curbing the coronavirus pandemic.
The shift for Western nations is profound and has had to overcome not merely the logistical challenges of securing enough masks, which are significant enough, but also a deep 6. (culture) resistance and even stigma (污名) associated with mask-wearing, 7. some Western leaders described flatly as “alien.”
8. (seem), it won’t be for much longer. After discouraging people from wearing face masks, France, like the United States, has begun urging its citizens 9. (wear) basic or homemade ones outside. And some parts of Europe are moving faster than the United States by requiring masks instead 10. simply recommending their use.
