阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new bill has been 1.(official) passed in the Philippines that requires students to plant 10 trees each before graduation. According to the details outlined in the bill, the rule applies 2. all students who are to graduate from primary school, high school, and college. Trees can be planted in either forests, reserves, urban areas, 3.(abandon) mining sites, or in communities.
Over the past decades, the Philippines 4.(lose) more than 30% of its forest cover due to illegal logging (伐木), but the new bill means that the younger generation can help to address 5. problem. Under the new rule, 175 million new trees could be planted by students each year. If only 10% of them 6.(survival), that means that 525 billion trees can grow up over the course of one generation.
In fact, this isn’t the only positive rule 7.concerns the younger generation. One school in India made its students pay their school fees by collecting, bringing to school, and 8.(recycle) plastic waste that was lying across the town. This helped raise 9.(aware) of plastic waste in Asian 10.(country). It also allowed more students to seek education and even helped the students to earn some money so they wouldn’t have to rely on child labour for a living.
Surrell was the last person who should have run into a burning building — he has lung disease. But that didn’t _______him.
At first, Michael Surrell didn’t see the black smoke _______from the windows of his neighbors’ home. He was parking the car when his daughter in his car shouted, “The house next to our home is on fire!” He _______and saw some thick smoke above them. He went to find out. That’s when he saw two _______crying on their porch (走廊).
“The _______is in there!” one of the women cried. Entering the _______house, he found thick smoke made it impossible to _______. The conditions would have been _______for anyone, but for Surrell with disease, they were life-threatening.
After a few minutes in the smoke-filled house, he _______outside to catch his breath. “Where is Tiara?” he asked ________. “The second floor,” her aunt shouted back.
Surrell ________he couldn’t hold his breath for long. So he took a ________breath, and went in a second time.
Finally, he ________something, a shoe, then a(n) ________and part of her body above the waist. He ________Tiara toward him. However, she wasn’t breathing. He ________the little girl and fought through the smoke and ran to the ________. At the front door, Surrell put Tiara down and then started CPR (心肺复苏术). Soon a cough came from Tiara’s ________. Surrell gave five more breaths. She opened her ________and took a breath on her own. Their eyes met. Surrell hugged her ________and said, “Uncle’s got you.” Soon after, his throat closed off.
1.A.hit B.stop C.kill D.leave
2.A.shooting B.gathering C.disappearing D.decorating
3.A.looked down B.looked back C.looked around D.looked up
4.A.children B.cooks C.women D.passengers
5.A.pet B.parent C.girl D.money
6.A.burning B.expensive C.comfortable D.safe
7.A.sleep B.breathe C.study D.work
8.A.normal B.calm C.lucky D.dangerous
9.A.looked B.returned C.relaxed D.wandered
10.A.coldly B.gratefully C.embarrassedly D.anxiously
11.A.explained B.proved C.knew D.heard
12.A.deep B.constant C.shallow D.painful
13.A.bought B.touched C.borrowed D.missed
14.A.arm B.ear C.ankle D.mouth
15.A.pulled B.drove C.waved D.pushed
16.A.caught up with B.picked up C.left behind D.made way for
17.A.bathroom B.bedroom C.door D.kitchen
18.A.neighbor B.classmate C.friend D.throat
19.A.eyes B.heart C.fingers D.window
20.A.nervously B.tightly C.curiously D.thankfully
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 1. Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work?
The reason why any of us take any risks al all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 2. As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 3.
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 4. To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
5. For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A.It all depends on your character.
B.Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D.Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F.However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
In colleges around the country, most students are also workers.
The reality of college can be pretty different from the images presented in movies and television. Instead of the students who wake up late, party all the time, and study only before exams, many colleges are full of students with pressing schedules of not just classes and activities, but real jobs, too.
This isn't a temporary phenomenon. The share of working students has been on the rise since the 1970s, and one-fifth of students work year round. About one-quarter of those who work while attending school have both a full-course load and a full-time job. The arrangement can help pay for tuition （学费） and living costs, obviously. And there's value in it beyond the direct cause: such jobs can also be vital for developing important professional and social skills that make it easier to land a job after graduation. With many employers looking for students with already-developed skill sets, on-the-job training while in college can be the best way to ensure a job later on.
But it's not all upside. Even full-time work may not completely cover the cost of tuition and living expenses. The study notes that if a student worked a full-time job at the minimum wage, they would earn just over $15,000 each year, certainly not enough to pay for tuition, room, and meals at many colleges without some serious financial aid. That means that though they're sacrificing （牺牲） time away from the classroom, many working students will still graduate with at least some debt. And working full time can reduce the chance that students will graduate at all, by cutting into the time available for studying and attending classes.
There is little reward for attending but not finishing college. Students who end up leaving school because of difficulty in managing work and class are likely to find themselves stuck in some of the same jobs they might have gotten if they hadn't gone to college at all. The difficulty of working too much while in school can create a cycle that pushes students further into debt without receiving any of the financial or career benefits.
1.It can be learned from the passage that today's college students actually _______.
A.attend a number of parties B.work while attending school
C.stay up late all the time D.care little about exams
2.Which of the following factors indirectly causes more students to work?
A.The chance of finding a job after graduation.
B.The shortage of holiday jobs for college students.
C.The need of improving social skills.
D.The high tuition and living expenses.
3.According to the passage, we know that _______.
A.working students are more likely to graduate from college
B.the pay from working can cover students' college costs
C.working too much while in college may not benefit a student's career
D.students can receive a reward for managing work and class well
4.What is the best title for the passage?
A.An Introduction of Working College Students
B.The Advantages of Working While Studying
C.The Struggle to Balance Work and School
D.The Difficulties of Landing a Job
Whale researchers believe they have found a new way to measure the amount of stress felt by whales when they experience serious threats, such as being hit by a ship, and they say the technique could help protect the huge sea creatures from dying off.
American Rosalind Rolland is the lead scientist on the project. She and her team are with the New England Aquarium in Boston, Massachusetts. They measured stress hormones (荷尔蒙 ) by studying baleen, a substance found in the upper part of the mouth of some kinds of whale. She explains that the baleen serves as a record that shows a spike in stress hormones when whales face dangers such as a changing climate and ship strikes. Scientists can then read these records, similar to reading the rings on a tree.
Understanding the information is important because whales who often feel stressed are less likely to be reproductive and more likely to become sick. That combination is not good for the whale population, which is already dangerously low.
The scientists did their work on a whale that had become trapped in fishing equipment, which some scientists estimate kills up to 300, 000 whales and dolphins annually. It was finally killed by Inuit hunters who found it trying to drag the fishing equipment. The hunters said the whale seemed to lack energy. When scientists examined the dead whale, they found its mouth showed an increase in stress hormones 20 times greater than normal.
Regina Asmutis-Silvia is a biologist with the Whale and Dolphin Conservation in Massachusetts. She didn’t participate in the research, but she says it is important. “We clearly understand that stress is bad for humans. We also need to understand that stress is bad for other animals, too,” she adds.
1.What does the text mainly tell us?
A.The dangers the whale often faces.
B.The measures to stop sea life being hit.
C.A discovery to measure stress on whales.
D.A way to protect the mouth of the whale.
2.Which of the following can best replace “spike” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A.Rise. B.Change. C.Crash. D.Slide.
3.What may a whale living a stressful life be like?
A.Calm and fierce. B.Unhealthy and unable to reproduce.
C.Uneasy and energetic. D.Sizeable and likely to lose appetite.
4.Why does the author mention the words by Regina?
A.To move on to another topic.
B.To stress the importance of the finding.
C.To tell the necessity of studying other animals.
D.To show the similarity between humans and animals.
In 2012, Kim Stemple was a special education teacher and a solid performer in her age group in marathons. And then she got sick. After three years of tests and treatments, the doctors figured out she has a rare mitochondrial disease that is causing progressive mental and physical health to go worse. They told her there was no cure and that this disease would take her life.
Yet Stemple kept running and competing in marathons. One day she was training for the Rock “n” Roll Marathon in Las Vegas when she became too sick to travel. The usually outgoing Stemple sunk into disappointment. But then she received a gift — it was a marathon medal given to her by a friend.
Stemple hung the medal near her hospital bed and it was an instant conversation starter with doctors, nurses and anyone who came to visit. That medal pulled Stemple out of her disappointment. And that gave Stemple the idea to start We Finish Together, an organization devoted to connecting runners who wish to donate medals with those who might appreciate them. Stemple pens a handwritten note of encouragement on each of the medals she gives away. Recipients have included hospital patients, residents of homeless shelters and even doctors and nurses who care for the very ill. “This gives them a connection to someone,” says Stemple. “If they receive a medal, they know someone cares.”
Can a simple medal really make a difference? Joan Musarra said yes, who suffered from a serious disease. “I opened my package containing my new medal and the notes of positive, warm thoughts. I was really excited,” she wrote to Stemple. “It means so much to me to feel that I am not alone.”
1.What can we infer about Stemple before she got too sick to exercise?
A.She was doubtful. B.She was courageous.
C.She was down-hearted. D.She was optimistic.
2.What inspired Stemple to found We Finish Together?
A.The patients’ request. B.The medals she won.
C.Her friend’s gift. D.The encouragement from doctors.
3.How does Stemple’s organization help people in need?
A.By having chats. B.By giving out recycled medals.
C.By contributing money. D.By connecting their relatives.
4.Why did Musarra write the letter to Stemple?
A.To show the medal’s positive effect on her.
B.To discuss about their illnesses.
C.To relieve the symptoms of her illness.
D.To ask for another medal.
