Smart cities are coming. And you can be sure that hackers(黑客) won’t be very far behind.
We’ve already gotten a glimpse of that future, as cities across the globe start to use technology to connect their services and residents in ways that was science fiction just a few years ago. They are using sensors to collect data — such as traffic, garbage collecting, and road conditions —and then using that data to deliver services to more people and more efficiently.
But this rush to become a smart city has a major drawback: The more connected a city is, the easier it is to cyber-attacks. Hackers have, in recent years, effectively held cities hostage through ransom ware(赎金器), sometimes damaging critical systems for months at a time. The damage can cost millions to repair, as Baltimore and Atlanta have discovered.
And this is just the beginning. As cities add connectivity to their streetlights, power grids, dams, transit lines and other services, they are adding more targets that have the potential to be hacked. What’s more, as additional information on residents is collected, officials worry the result —lots of data could attract nation-states or terrorists who could incorporate the data into physical and cyber war.
What cyber security lesson can’t be taught in this hack? For example: Don’t open email attachments from unfamiliar sources; don’t click on unrecognized links; don’t leave sensitive information visible on the walls or surfaces of your office. But let’s just stick to the most important lesson: The information you share on social media can be used to profile and target you, whether that’s by engineering click bait(点击诱饵) aimed at your particular interests, guessing your password based on your birthday or figuring out your schedule and travels so that an intruder can access your home or office.
Wednesday, September 18, 2019 THE WALL STREET JOURNAL.
1.What did people use to think of smart cities?
A.It was the product of science. B.It was bound to be popular.
C.It existed in imagination. D.It improved people’s life.
2.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?
A.Introduce the harm of hackers. B.Show the danger of a smart city.
C.Add some background information. D.Summarize the previous paragraphs.
3.What is officials’ attitude to big data?
A.It is convenient to provide service. B.It is certain to bring about revolution.
C.There are actually potential dangers. D.There’s competition in high technology.
4.What does the underlined word "profile" in Para. 5 mean?
A.Describe. B.Protect. C.Pursue. D.Fund.
A little boy almost thought of himself as the most unfortunate child in the world because poliomyelitis (小儿麻痹症) made his leg lame and his teeth uneven. He seldom played with his classmates; and when the teacher asked him to answer questions, he always lowered his head without a word.
One spring, the boy’s father asked for some saplings (树苗) from the neighbor. He told his children to plant a sapling each person. The father said, “Whose seedling grows best, I will buy him or her a favorite gift.” The boy also wanted to get his father’s gift. But seeing his brothers and sisters carrying water to water the trees happily, anyhow, he hit upon an idea: he hoped the tree he planted would die soon. So watering it once or twice, he never attended to it.
A few days later, when the little boy went to see his tree again, he was surprised to find it not only didn’t wilt, but also grew some fresh leaves, and compared with the trees of his brother and sister, his appeared greener and more vital. His father kept his promise, bought the little boy his favorite gift and said to him: from the tree he planted, he would become an outstanding botanist when he grew up.
Since then, the little boy slowly became optimistic. One day, the little boy lay on the bed but couldn't sleep. Looking at the bright moonlight outside the window, he suddenly recalled what the biology teacher once said, plants generally grow at night. Why not go to see the tree? When he came to the courtyard on tiptoe, he found his father was splashing something under his tree with a ladle (勺子). He returned to his room, tears running down his face.
Decades passed. The little boy didn’t become a botanist, but he was elected President of the United States. His name was Franklin Roosevelt.
1.Why didn’t the boy answer the teacher’s question?
A.He couldn’t concentrate on the class.
B.All the students looked down on him.
C.He lacked confidence because of his illness.
D.He was an unfortunate boy with learning disability.
2.Why did the father ask the children to plant trees?
A.The neighbor required him to do it.
B.He expected them to be botanists.
C.He wanted to encourage the disabled boy.
D.The children asked for their favorite gifts.
3.What does the underlined word “wilt” mean?
A.Become weak. B.Become strong.
C.Become beautiful. D.Become green.
4.What’s the best title for the passage?
A.An Unfortunate Boy
B.Nutrition of Growth
C.A Loving Father
D.The Unselfish Love
FLEA MARKETS (跳蚤市场)
For the best selection of flea market product, get there as soon as it opens on the first day of the market. If it’s open Saturday and Sunday all year round, go early on Saturday morning. For seasonal or annual flea markets, go early in the season, preferably the first weekend. You’ll have first pick of the goods the vendors (小贩) gathered during the year.
For the biggest discounts, it’s just the opposite. Shop mid to late afternoon during the final day, or days, of the flea market. The vendors are tired and ready to get home –and they might just cut you some fantastic deals if you ask. You may have to haggle a bit, but you’ll probably go home with some bargains, especially if you’re buying large, heavy pieces the tired sellers don’t want to pack and load.
YARD SALES
Yard sale shopping is a lot like flea market shopping. You’ll find the best selections when the sale first starts. Go early on the first day of the sale. If the sale starts at 7 am, be there a few minutes before – but not so early that you’re labeled an early bird. Don’t wait until Saturday to visit a yard sale that starts on Friday.
Like flea market vendors, yard sale sellers aren’t as willing to haggle early in the morning, but the prices are usually pretty low to start. Don’t wait until the afternoon bargain hours to shop at yard sales.
THRIFT STORES (旧货店)
For the best thrift store selections, ask the employees when the new product arrives. It could be a certain day of the week or a certain time each day. Find out, and then plan your visits for those days and times.
Thrift store prices are usually low, so you might want to snatch things up as soon as you find them. If the prices seem unusually high, ask about their sale structure. Thrift stores don’t always state their sales clearly and sometimes the sales are confusing. Find out when they discount the items that interest you. That’s when you’ll find the best deals.
1.As for the biggest discounts in the Flea Markets, you’d better______.
A.get there about 6:50 am on Friday
B.go early on Saturday morning
C.ask the host when the new product arrives
D.buy items late afternoon during the last day
2.The best Thrift Store selections should be taken_______.
A.after the sale starts B.as soon as you find them
C.when new items arrive D.before the afternoon bargain begins
3.The text is most probably intended for ______.
A.antique collectors B.economical shoppers
C.product vendors D.wealthy people
假定你是李华，你的留学生朋友 Peter 发邮件告知他在校中国诗歌朗诵大赛中获得二等奖。请你回复邮件，
内容包括：
1. 表示祝贺；
2. 肯定他赛前的准备；
3. 希望他继续努力。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇： 中国诗歌朗诵大赛 the Chinese Poetry Recitation Competition
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（＾），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Our school is planning to offer us a cooking course, to whom students have different attitudes. In my opinions, the cooking course is beneficial but enjoyable. There are a few advantages of attending them. For example, we can learn from a very useful skill to help ourselves not only live independent but also take care of our parents. Besides, taking this course was a way to make us feel relaxing and enrich our school life. To make this course great success, our school should tell us how to cook safely to avoid get hurt while we are practicing cooking.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There is some good news for the environment. The British government has banned the use of plastic particles (微粒）in cosmetics (化妆品）and other personal care products.
Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles 1. (use)mostly in cosmetics production, face washes, toothpastes and other products. When we use these things, the plastic microbeads get into our pipes that carry water, and 2. (eventual)end up in the ocean. Plastic in the ocean puts fish and plants 3. danger, and even causes them to die.
4. (official)say that the ban will prevent water pollution and in the meantime help with the 5.（protect)of ocean life. "The ban will stop billions of pieces of plastic entering our ecosystem, thus 6. (help) to conserve our precious seas and oceans, "Former Prime Minister Theresa May ever wrote on Twitter.
Therese Coffey, then the Environment Minister of the UK, said, "The world's seas and oceans are some of our most 7.(value)natural things. And 8.we do now is to deal with the plastic that causes great damage to our sea life. "He also added, "Actually, 9. amount of natural green things that we can take advantage of 10.(make)personal care products is huge, and therefore the use of plastic microbeads should be abandoned. ”
