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I’m sitting in my kitchen in London, try...

    I’m sitting in my kitchen in London, trying to figure out a text message from my brother. He lives in our home country of Germany. We speak German to each other, a language that's rich in strange words, but I've never heard this one before: fremdschämen.

The experience gets me to consider: can we lose our mother language? Most immigrants (移民)know what it’s like to be not as good at their mother language as before. The process seems obvious: the longer you are away, the more your language suffers. But it’s not quite so straightforward. It turns out that how long you've been away doesn't always matter. Socializing with other native speakers abroad can worsen your own native skills. And emotional factors like trauma(精神创伤) can be the biggest factor of all.

In children, the phenomenon of language attrition (语言磨蚀)is somewhat easier to explain since their brains are generally more flexible and adaptable. Until the age of about 12, a person’s language skills are relatively easy to change. Studies on international adopters have found that even nine-year-olds can almost completely forget their first language when they are removed from their country of birth.

But in adults, the first language is unlikely to disappear entirely except in extreme circumstances. For example, Monika Schmid analyzed the German of elderly German-Jewish wartime refugees(难民) in the UK and the US. The main factor that influenced their language skills wasn't how long they had been abroad or how old they were when they left. It was how much trauma they had experienced as victims. Those who left Germany in the early days of Nazi occupation, before the worst violence, tended to speak better German – despite having been abroad the longest. Those who left later, tended to speak German with difficulty or not at all.

“It seemed very clearly a result of this trauma”, says Schmid. “Even though German was the language of childhood, home and family, it was also the language of painful memories”. The most traumatized refugees had held them back. As one of them said: “I feel that Germany betrayed me. America is my country, and English is my language.”

1.What does the first paragraph serve as?

A.A comment B.A background

C.An explanation D.An introduction

2.What do paragraph 4 and 5 mainly talk about?

A.How two languages coexist

B.The way to deal with adult’s trauma

C.The reasons behind adult’s language attrition.

D.Whether trauma leads to adult’s language attrition.

3.Why does trauma cause a person's mother language to disappear?

A.Because he can’t remember his mother language.

B.Because his ability to communicate is affected.

C.Because his country is far from him .

D.Because he chooses to escape from bad experiences.

4.What is the best title for the passage?

A.Where does your native language come from?

B.Will you lose your native language?

C.How does trauma affect your first language?

D.How far are you from your mother tongue

 

1.D 2.C 3.D 4.B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。作者由一封信中的生词引发出自己的疑问:我们的母语会消失吗?然后通过德国犹太战时难民的例子向大家证明了一个道理:母语会不会消失不在于你离开故乡多久,心理因素才是最大的影响。 1.推理判断题。本文第一段的内容是:作者收到弟弟的信息,却看不懂里边的生词。由第二段首句的“The experience gets me to consider: can we lose our mother language?”可知,这个情景让作者开始考虑,母语会消失吗?也就是说第一段的内容的目的就是引出本文主题内容,是一个介绍。A. A comment 评论,意见;B. A background背景;C. An explanation解释;D. An introduction介绍。故选D。 2.主旨大意题。第四段第二句以“For example”为例,也就是说后边的举例是为了说明首句的中心。第四段首句内容为“对于成人,除非是在极端情况下,第一语言几乎不可能全部消失。”第四段内容是从整体难民的情况来论证中心,第五段是通过两个人的论述证明中心。所以第四段和第五段内容都是以第四段首句为中心的,为了说明成人语言磨蚀的原因。故选C。 3.细节理解题。由最后一段中Schmid的论述可知,虽然德语是他的母语,但是也是痛苦记忆的语言。所以身心受创的难民不想提及它们(held them back)。也就是说他们选择逃避坏的经历。故选D。 4.主旨大意题。由文章第二段中的“The experience gets me to consider: can we lose our mother language?”可知,本文主要探讨的问题就是:我们会失去我们的母语吗?故选B。
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