Facial expressions _______ meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example in American culture the smile is _______ an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman’s smile at a police officer does not have the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also _______ true feelings. It often causes _______ across cultures. For example, many people in Russia _______ smiling at strangers in public to be _______ and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the _______ places; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to _______ painful feelings. _______ people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.
Our __________ show emotions (情感), but we should not __________ to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The __________ that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as members of another do does not mean that they do not __________ emotions.
__________, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in __________ situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions __________.
It is __________ to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness __________ personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more __________ expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotions are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the __________ of “reading” the other person incorrectly.
1.A.speak B.carry C.expose D.bring
2.A.on the basis B.in return C.on the contrary D.in general
3.A.hide B.deliver C.convey D.escape
4.A.offence B.doubt C.confusion D.curiosity
5.A.claim B.admit C.discover D.consider
6.A.unusual B.normal C.common D.meaningless
7.A.public B.wrong C.certain D.proper
8.A.cover B.avoid C.ignore D.stop
9.A.Americans B.Germans C.Vietnamese D.Russians
10.A.bodies B.eyes C.faces D.gestures
11.A.manage B.attempt C.encourage D.advise
12.A.fact B.story C.truth D.habit
13.A.deserve B.survive C.suffer D.experience
14.A.Then B.Rather C.Therefore D.Instead
15.A.casual B.private C.hard D.formal
16.A.differently B.willingly C.similarly D.personally
17.A.easy B.difficult C.impossible D.important
18.A.at the risk of B.regardless of C.in spite of D.because of
19.A.facially B.physically C.mentally D.psychologically
20.A.point B.difference C.mistake D.effort
How would you feel if moving to a new town meant losing track of your friends? What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered? 1. Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.
Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with. Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships. 2.
The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument. Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world.
But when you “friend” people online, does this mean that they really are your friends?
3.
If people always exchange true personal information online, then yes, these friendships can be real and meaningful. But we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person.
On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly. But smiling photos can hide real problems. 4. A young person could be old; a woman could be a man; we could even be sharing our information with criminals.
5. Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods.
A.It depends.
B.All you need is a Wi-Fi connection.
C.It’s a problem that’s getting a lot of coverage.
D.This was how things worked not very long ago.
E.Remember the saying: on the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog.
F.But that doesn’t mean that a higher percentage of people feel lonely now.
G.But this doesn’t mean that we should throw the baby out with the bathwater.
They say that ''a picture is worth a thousand words'', but the briefest look at books and the movies based on them would have anyone questioning this common saying. All too often, great words end up being turned into cinematic ''turkeys''.
Good movies need good stories. If so, why has one of the earliest and greatest works in Western storytelling, Homer's The Odyssey, never had an equally great movie based on it? Movies need strong characters. So why have the movies based on The Great Gatsby never been praised as ''great''? Movies of course need impressive images, so why has Alice in Wonderland only resulted in movies best described as ''interesting''?
One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually takes a few days to read, a movie typically lasts under two hours. This means that great books can lose plot details and characters when they move to the big screen. This is something that even the highly successful Harry Potter movies can't escape from, with fans of the books disappointed not to see some of their favorite characters in the movie versions.
Movies also disappoint us when things don't look the way we imagined them in the books. Take, for example, the epic movie Troy, which is in part based on Homer's The Iliad and was met with mixed reviews from the audience. The most questionable issue was the actress chosen to play the part of Helen. Many people thought she didn't live up to Helen's title of ''the most beautiful woman in the world'', influencing opinions of the movie to some extent.
There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes. Furthermore, books and movies are two different forms of media and therefore have different rules. With this in mind, perhaps we should judge a movie in its own right, and not against its original source. Interestingly, audiences have in recent years turned to television series such as Sherlock or Mad Men, which can have many characters and gradual plot development. Perhaps, one day, readers of F. Scott Fitzgerald's most admired work will find themselves glued to their screens by episodes of The Great Gatsby.
1.Which of the following statements about the movie adaptation is true?
A.The characters in The Odyssey do not stand out.
B.The movie Troy doesn't look the way we visualized while reading the book.
C.The visual images are not as striking as the descriptions in the book The Great Gatsby.
D.Some parts of the story and characters are missing in the movie Alice in Wonderland.
2.One of the reasons why adaptations disappoint the audience is that ________.
A.they lack good storytelling
B.the images are not impressive enough
C.the characters in the movies are not strong and interesting
D.there is not enough time for movies to fully present the whole story
3.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A.Every shoe fits not every foot.
B.Birds of a feather flock together.
C.Reading is a matter of personal taste.
D.Different people have different ideas about the books and movies.
4.What does the text mainly talk about?
A.People are dissatisfied with the current movies.
B.Reading books is better than watching movies.
C.Good books may not be adapted for great movies.
D.People are expressing their preference to reading books.
Many animals move from one place to another at certain times of the year. This annual movement is called migration. They migrate to find food, seek a partner, or in search of warmer weather. One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.
Every autumn, millions of these beautiful insects with fine black and orange wings begin a long and difficult journey. Somehow they manage to travel around 4, 000 kilometers south and find their way to California or Mexico. However, until recently no one knew how they did this.
A team of scientists led by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the answer. They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day. It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun. These two pieces of information—the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky—allow the butterfly to determine the way to go. Eventually, it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter.
The solution to the mystery of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble. Its population has crashed by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years. Sadly, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling. In many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the natural environment. They cut down trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars eat.
The research on the monarch’s behavior has however led to a greater awareness of this creature. People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it to feed on. If this works, there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again. The more we know about this lovely creature, the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.
1.Which is not the purpose of animals’ migration according to the text?
A.To search for food. B.To look for a partner.
C.To breed young babies. D.To stay away from cold weather.
2.What mainly caused the decrease in the number of the monarch butterflies?
A.Weather changes. B.Human activities.
C.Trees being cut down. D.The long migration every year.
3.What can we know from the text?
A.All the animals migrate at fixed times of the year.
B.The monarch has the ability to identify the time of day.
C.The population of the monarch is decreasing rapidly every year.
D.No one knows how the monarch butterflies make their way to their destinations.
4.What does the last paragraph imply about the research?
A.It is quite encouraging. B.it is fairly complex.
C.It is very unacceptable. D.It is rather useless.
One day, I was taking a nap in the red chair in my office when I woke up to the sound of a car crash. I sat up and looked, immediately, out my window. Across the street, in a parking lot, a car had just backed into a chain-link fence. The car must have been moving fast, because it was in bad shape: Its hood had popped up. The fence was damaged, bent out in exactly the shape of the car’s back end.
I watched the driver get out of the car. He was strong with a shaved head; he wore cargo shorts and a flannel (法兰绒) shirt unbuttoned to expose his chest hair. I disliked him immediately. After a few seconds of assessing the damage, he attempted to pull the ruined fence back into place, but it wouldn’t move. He tried to push the fallen piece of bumper back onto his car, but that only made the rest of his bumper fall off too.
I sat in my red chair, looking out my window, silently cheering. I think I laughed out loud. This was a ridiculous masterpiece. He climbed out from under the collapsed fence and limped back to the apartment building above the lot, rubbing his elbow. The man—that disgusting man—was going to leave all the chaos behind for someone else to clean up.
But the man appeared a few minutes later with some tools. He got to work immediately, removing one of the fence’s bent support bars and hammering it straight on the asphalt (沥青). For the next hour, I watched out my window as he doggedly(固执地) fixed the fence, even improved it. Now the fence would be extra secure, stronger than before, impossible to damage.
This strange man was actually a hero. I was the lazy one, with my kneejerk (应激反应) judgments, my superiority (优越感) from three stories up. My ugly assumptions, I realized, were all about myself. I would never have fixed that fence; I would have panicked and run away.
Years later, I still look out my window at that fence almost every day. It still looks brand new, It makes me wonder what else that man has improved, and how I can make myself more like him.
1.Why did the driver leave a bad first impression on the writer?
A.Because he badly damaged the fence.
B.Because he acted rudely and impolitely.
C.Because he escaped and left the mess to others.
D.Because he had a strange appearance and dressed casually.
2.The last two paragraphs tell us that ________.
A.if the writer were the driver, he thought he would do better
B.the writer gave a quick judgment from his previous experiences
C.the driver acted like a hero and had a great influence on the writer
D.the writer looks out his window often and expects to see the driver again
3.Which of the following words can best describe the driver?
A.Rude but honest. B.Lazy but strong-minded.
C.Impatient but generous. D.Ordinary-looking but responsible.
4.What can be the best title of the text?
A.Don’t Judge a Book by Its Cover
B.One’s Thinking Directs One’s Actions
C.Treat Other People As You Hope They Will Treat You
D.The Environment Depends on What You Think in You Mind
Temples have existed for thousands of years. They are the proof of cultures and civilization that existed many years ago. With their excellent architecture and structure they fascinate visitors from around the world.
Temple of Heaven
The Temple of Heaven is a Taoist temple in Beijing, the capital of China. The temple was constructed in the 14th century by Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty as his personal temple, where he would pray for good harvest and to make up for the sins of his people. The temple's architecture is quite interesting: Everything in the temple, which represents heaven, is circular whereas the ground levels, which represent the earth, are square. It symbolizes the relationship between the earth and heaven, the human world and God's world, which stands at the heart of Chinese cosmogony.
Wat Rong Khun “White Temple”
Immediately upon entering the grounds of Chiang Rai's ''White Temple'' in Thailand, you’ll realize this contemporary, unconventional temple stands out, even in a country crowded with places of worship. The White Temple is incredibly different and unique in its architecture, art and design. In fact, it's designed in a very modern way, but still sticking to and respecting the conventional Buddhist principles. This temple is all white with many artistic decorations and statues full of mirrors that create nice silvery/glittering reflections.
Kinkaku-ji
Kyoto is filled with beautiful shrines and temples, but none can be compared to the beauty of Kinkaku-ji. This Buddhist temple has acquired a lot of fame recently and has become one of the most visited places in Japan. Whether you visit during the fall when there are red momiji leaves contrasting the gold, in winter when the gold is topped with pure white snow, in spring with the cherry blossoms, or in summer allowing you to see the beautiful temple's golden reflection—there is never a bad time to visit this beautiful temple.
Golden Temple
The Golden Temple in Punjab, India is the most sacred shrine of Sikhism. For the Sikhs, the Golden Temple symbolizes endless freedom and spiritual independence. The site of the temple began with a small lake that was so peaceful that even Buddha came there to meditate (冥想). Thousands of years later, Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism also lived and meditated by the lake. The temple itself is decorated with marble sculptures, gilded in gold and covered in precious stones.
1.If you're interested in meditation, you would like to go to _________.
A.Kinkaku-ji B.Temple of Heaven
C.Golden Temple D.Wat Rong Khun “White Temple”
2.What do the four temples in the text have in common?
A.They are all located in Asia.
B.They are all Buddhist temples.
C.They have the same type o£ architecture.
D.They are all suitable to visit all the year around.
3.What's the purpose of the text?
A.To praise the architecture of the temples.
B.To introduce some world-famous temples.
C.To persuade visitors from around the world to come.
D.To inform the long history of the well-known temples.
