Question

    Light is a complex phenomenon classically explained with a simple model based on rays and wavefronts. Many of the aspects of light have been explored, but few people notice them happening in their real lives. For example, most of us observe some type of optical interference almost daily, but usually don't realize the events in play behind the ever-changing display of colors produced when light waves interfere with each other. One of the best examples of interference is shown by the light reflected from a film of oil floating on water. Another example is the thin film of a soap bubble, which reflects a series of light with beautiful colors when shined by natural or man-made light sources.

Electromagnetic radiation(电磁辐射）, the larger family of wave-like phenomena to which visible light belongs, is the primary vehicle transporting energy through the vast reaches of the universe. The means by which visible light is sent out or absorbed, and how it predictably reacts under different conditions as it travels through space and the atmosphere, form the basis of the existence of color in our universe. The human eye is sensitive to a form of electromagnetic radiation that lies in the wavelength range between 400 and 700 nanometers(纳米），commonly known as the visible light spectrum, which is the only source of color. When combined, all of the wavelengths present in visible light form colorless white light. Red, green, and blue colors are classically considered the primary colors because they are fundamental to human vision. Light is observed as white by humans when our eyes are affected by equal amounts of red, green, and blue light at the same time.

The concept of color temperature is of great importance in photography and digital imaging, regardless of whether the image capture device is a camera or a microscope. A lack of proper color temperature balance between the microscope light source and the image sensor is the most common reason for unexpected color shifts in photomicrography(显微照相术）and digital imaging. If the color temperature of the light source is too low for the film, photomicrographs will have an overall yellowish or reddish cast and will appear warm. On the other hand, when the color temperature of the light source is too high for the film, photomicrographs will have a blue cast and will appear cool. As problematic as these color shifts may seem, they're always easily corrected by the proper use of conversion and light balancing filters(滤光器）。

1.Which of the following is right according to the 1st paragraph of the passage?

A.Most of us aren't explicit about how colors are produced.

B.Light is classically defined in terms of rays and wavefronts.

C.People can understand optical interference by watching films.

D.Shined by natural or man-made light sources, films reflect a series of light.

2.What can we learn about electromagnetic radiation?

A.It moves in a straight line.

B.Color originates from it.

C.Green lights are not part of it.

D.Its wavelength can't be 500 nanometers.

3.The color shifts on photomicrographs__________.

A.are difficult to get right once formed

B.are caused by the high colors more often

C.prove that how important the color temperature is in imaging

D.are caused by the high color temperature of the light source

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A.Light and imaging

B.Light and color

C.Light and temperature

D.Light and radiation

Answer

1.A

2.B

3.C

4.B

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。本文从两个方面说明了光和颜色的关系以此说明颜色是如何产生的。

1.

细节理解题。根据第一段第三句For example, most of us observe some type of optical interference almost daily, but usually don’t realize the events in play behind the ever-changing display of colors produced when light waves interfere with each other.(我们大多数人几乎每天都能观察到某种类型的光干涉，但通常并没有意识到当光波相互干扰时所产生的不断变化的颜色显示背后所发生的事件。)可知我们大多数人都不清楚颜色是如何产生的。故选A项。

2.

细节理解题。根据第二段第三句The human eye is sensitive to a form of electromagnetic radiation that lies in the wavelength range between 400 and 700 nanometers, commonly known as the visible light spectrum, which is the only source of color.(人眼对波长在400到700纳米之间的电磁辐射很敏感，通常被称为可见光光谱，这是唯一的颜色来源。)可知，颜色来源于电磁辐射。故选B项。

3.

推理判断题。根据第三段第二句A lack of proper color temperature balance between the microscope light source and the image sensor is the most common reason for unexpected color shifts in photomicrography and digital imaging.(显微镜光源和图像传感器之间缺乏适当的色温平衡是造成显微摄影和数字成像中意外颜色变化的最常见原因。)可知，色移的产生主要是由于光源色温与图像传感器色温之间的失衡造成的，由此可判断，色温在物体成像的过程中扮演着很重要的角色。故选C项。

4.

主旨大意题。根据第一段中的For example, most of us…usually don’t realize the events in play behind the ever-changing display of colors produced when light waves interfere with each other.可知我们大多数人通常没有意识到当光波相互干扰时，在不断变化的颜色显示背后所起的作用。根据第二段中的The human eye is sensitive to a form of electromagnetic radiation that lies in the wavelength range between 400 and 700 nanometers...which is the only source of color.可判断，颜色来源于电磁辐射。根据第三段中的A lack of proper color temperature balance between the microscope light source and the image sensor is the most common reason for unexpected color shifts in photomicrography and digital imaging.可知，颜色的产生主要是由于光源色温与图像传感器色温之间的失衡造成的。文章的三段虽然是独立的三个部分，但全部都围绕着光与色彩的关系展开。因此，B项（光和颜色）作为文章标题最为恰当。故选B项。