Question

    How did you develop from an infant(婴儿),with a few elementary thinking skills, to the adult you are now, with the ability to reason and analyze the world in many complex ways involving language, symbols and logic? Your first reaction to this question may be very likely to say, “Well, I learned how to think from my experiences and from the teaching I received from adults through my life.”

Although this explanation seems naturally correct to most people, many developmental psychologists believe that much more is involved in acquiring intellectual abilities than simple learning. The current view about intellectual development is that it is a process of maturation, much like physical development, that occurs in a predictable fashion from birth through adulthood.

Do you look at an infant and see a person who, with enough learning, is capable(有能力的) of adult physical behaviors? Of course not. Instead, you know that the child's behavior will become increasingly complex over time through a process of physical maturation. You know that until the child achieves a certain level of development, all the learning in the world cannot produce certain behaviors. For example, consider the behavior of walking. You probably think of walking as a learned behavior. But imagine trying to teach a 6-month-old to walk. You could place the infant on an Olympic-level schedule of 8 hours practice every day, but the child will not learn to walk, Wily? Because the child has not yet reached the physical maturity to perform the behaviors needed to walk.

Intellectual development occurs in much the same way. Children simply cannot display certain thinking and reasoning abilities until they reach an appropriate stage of intellectual development, no matter how much learning they may have experienced.

1.What is most people's view on intellectual development?

A.It depends on experience and education.

B.Its process is simple and predictable.

C.It is similar to physical development.

D.It just happens naturally in life.

2.What can we learn about physical development from the text?

A.It stops naturally, at an early age.

B.It happens through simple learning.

C.It is part of intellectual development.

D.It occurs in the process of growing up.

3.Why is walking mentioned in paragraph 3?

A.To show behaviors can't be learned till a certain age.

B.To prove walking can be learned at any stage in our life.

C.To indicate a baby can't learn to walk without parents, help.

D.To suggest more practice can produce more learned behaviors.

4.Where is this text most likely from?

A.A research paper.

B.A science magazine.

C.A teaching guidebook.

D.A children's newspaper.

Answer

1.A

2.D

3.A

4.B

【解析】

本篇是说明文。介绍了智力发展并非如一般人所想是通过学习得来的，而是人从小到大不断成熟的过程。

1.

细节理解题。根据第一段 Your first reaction to this question may be very likely to say, “Well, I learned how to think from my experiences and from the teaching I received from adults through my life.”你对这个问题的第一反应很可能是:嗯，我从自己的经历以及从我一生中从成年人那里得到的教导中学会了如何思考。由此可知，大多数人对智力发展的看法是这取决于经验和教育。故选A。

2.

细节理解题。由题目中的“physical development”可定位至文章第二段最后一句“The current view about intellectual development is that it is a process of maturation，much like physical development，that occurs in a predictable fashion from birth through adulthood.”发展心理学家普遍认为：与身体发育很像，智力发展是一种成熟的过程，它以一种可预见的方式随着年龄的增长而不断发展。由此可得出身体发育发生在成长的过程中，故选D。

3.

推理判断题。由题目中的“walking”和“in paragraph 3”可定位至文章第三段第 五句“For example，consider the behavior of walking. ”根据句意可知作者提到 walking是为了举例证明前面提到的观点，因此定位到前面一句“You know that until the child achieves a certain level of development，all the learning in the world cannot produce certain behaviors. ”儿童需要发展到某种程度，相 应的行为才能形成；若儿童没有发展到特定的程度，再多的学习也无法让儿童形 成相应的行为。由此判断出第3段提到步行是为了表现出的行为要到一定年龄才能学会。故选A。

4.

推理判断题。题目在问文章的来源，因此需要通过文章的内容、作者的语气等方面 来判断。因为这篇文章的主要内容是介绍了智力发展并非如一般人所想是通过学习得来的，而是人从小到大不断成熟的过程。属于科学类的说明文， 但又不像研究报告那么详细和严谨，且作者的语气并非特别严肃，因此最有可能是 出自科学杂志，故选B。