阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
Scientists have found a reliable way to lengthen life in lab animals:Reduce the amount of calories(卡路里)they eat.
This method,1.(know)as caloric restriction, has been shown to lengthen life of organisms ( 有 机体 )and reduce some age-related2.(disease).Whether it can do the same in people has been an open question. 3. ,a new study suggests that in adults, long-term restriction of calorie intake can have an effect on their health.
The researchers looked at a group of 143 healthy adults who ranged in age4.21 to 50. They were instructed5.(practice)caloric restriction for two years.They could eat the foods they wanted so long as they cut back on the foods they ate,with the aim of6.(cut)the calories they consumed by 25 percent.
Many did not achieve that goal.On average,the dieters managed to cut down about 12 percent of their total calories, or7.(rough)300 calories a day. But the group saw many of their health markers improve. They8.(lose)body fat, their blood pressure fell slightly, and they had better blood sugar control. Meanwhile, another 75 healthy adults 9. did not practice caloric restriction saw no 10. (improve)in these markers.
If you look Chinese and speak Mandarin, you can call for a ride in Vancouver via WeChat, a Chinese app. The drivers normally call back to________the order, says Daniel Merkin, who lives in the Canadian city. “Sometimes they’ll ________ on me when they realize I don’t speak Mandarin,” he says. But he keeps ________, because popular ride-hailing (网约车) services, like Uber(优步) , are not available. The Chinese service is not legal, but it is ________. Mr. Merkin hopes that his ________ will soon expand.
In July the province of British Columbia, which licenses drivers, said it would allow the big ride-hailing services ________. But British Columbia has made their entry ________ by requiring drivers to hold commercial licenses. The government has reason to be ________. In many cities where ride-hailing has __________, traffic jam has worsened and use of public transport has ________.
However, Andrew Curran, head of policy at TransLink, the city’s public-transport system, believes ride-hailing could ________ use of public transport by ferrying people from their houses to a bus or train stop. It could also improve transport for people with ________. Currently, Trans-Link hires taxis to give door-to-door rides to some disabled people. He says the commercial-license rule will slow down the services’ growth and ________ taxi-drivers, ride-hailing’s fiercest ________.
But the commercial-license requirement could have the ________ effect. Analysts think it will ________ most drivers and reduce the number of drivers ________ to pick up passengers in distant suburbs. ________, they will gather in the center. Some of Uber’s future competitors say they are not ________. A driver, who offers rides in his Mercedes SUV to people who hire him via Wechat, thinks his customers will stay ________. He predicts ride-hailing will just slow their journeys down.
1.A.cancel B.confirm C.place D.accept
2.A.put in B.turn up C.hang up D.pick out
3.A.trying B.shouting C.complaining D.driving
4.A.forbidden B.tolerated C.advocated D.recommended
5.A.wishes B.ideas C.suggestions D.options
6.A.out B.away C.up D.in
7.A.unusual B.difficult C.easy D.particular
8.A.eager B.anxious C.cautious D.negative
9.A.taken off B.put up C.broken down D.laid off
10.A.risen B.doubled C.dropped D.stopped
11.A.lessen B.increase C.lower D.decrease
12.A.disabilities B.luggage C.children D.friends
13.A.protect B.ignore C.investigate D.inquire
14.A.coworkers B.partners C.competitors D.supporters
15.A.similar B.opposite C.positive D.different
16.A.discourage B.encourage C.benefit D.comfort
17.A.acceptable B.accessible C.affordable D.available
18.A.Furthermore B.Instead C.Though D.Otherwise
19.A.excited B.jealous C.amazed D.worried
20.A.reliable B.responsible C.loyal D.delightful
Say Goodbye to Post-holiday Syndrome
You’ve spent countless days waking up late, enjoying watching your favorite TV shows and lying on the couch.1. It’s time to go back to work. Here are some tips to make the shift from vacation to work of smoother.
Tidy up your work- space first.
Chances are you’ll be greeted by piles of unopened mail, files, and other office items sitting on your desk.2.The longer you wait, the more likely these items will be sitting around your desk later in the week.
3.
You may feel the urge to work on three different things at the same time in order to catch up on work. However, this is not the most efficient approach. Instead, you should make a point to focus your mind and to only work on one item or task at a time.
Remove unnecessary distractions.(注意力分散)
It’s incredibly important to get serious about cutting out obvious distractions. This way, you can catch up on things efficiently without being bothered every five minutes.4.
Make plans to enjoy yourself the first week back.
5.Scheduling a lunch date or two with friends can make the week back seem a bit less painful. Treat yourself to your favorite drink at the local cafe during your coffee break. It may take several days for you to finally get readjusted and that’s perfectly fine. Stay calm, focused and relaxed. You’ll be back to your old routine at work before you know it.
A.Do one thing at a time.
B.Make a list of tasks based on their importance.
C.Then you suddenly come to an uncomfortable realization.
D.So it’s a good idea to deal with these items as soon as you can.
E.You’re back at work, but that doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy yourself.
F.Rather than ignoring these items, take a few minutes to process them.
G.Switch off your cell phone, and close out of any social media accounts.
Rosie Dutton, a teacher from Relax Kids in Tamworth, UK, used two apples to show her students the often unseen but harmful effects of school bullying (欺凌).
She posted the lesson on Facebook, where it's been shared more than 160,000 times. Rosie Dutton explained that during one of her classes she presented the children with two red apples. What the kids didn't know was that before the lesson, she had repeatedly dropped one of the apples on the floor. And yet, on the outside at least, both apples looked perfect.
“I picked up the apple I'd dropped on the floor and started to tell the children how I disliked this apple, “ Dutton wrote. “I told them that because I didn't like it, I didn't want them to like it either, so they should call it names too. “ Some of the children looked at her as if she were “crazy” , but the students passed the apple around the circle, calling it names.
Continuing the exercise, the teacher then passed the second apple around the circle. This apple, however, was showered with words like “Your skin is beautiful” and “What a beautiful colour you have” .
Dutton then showed the students both apples once again, stressing that “there was no change, and both apples still looked the same. “
Finally, Dutton cut both apples open. The apple that the class treated kindly looked fresh inside. But the other apple-the one they'd treated poorly-was bruised(碰伤的)beneath its skin.
“I think there was a light bulb moment for the children immediately, “ Dutton said. “When people are bullied, especially children, they feel horrible inside and sometimes don't show or tell others how they are feeling. If we hadn't cut that apple open, we would never have known how much pain we had caused it. “
Dutton explained how important it is to teach children to stand up for one another, and to stop any form of bullying.
“Let's create a generation of kind caring children, “ the teacher wrote. “The tongue has no bones, but is strong enough to break a heart. So be careful with your words. “
1.What had the teacher done to the first apple before the lesson?
A.She had introduced it to the kids. B.She had coloured it bright.
C.She had made it look perfect. D.She had damaged it purposely.
2.What does the underlined part “call it names” (Para. 3) mean?
A.Shout at it. B.Make fun of it. C.Cheer for it. D.Say rude things.
3.What did the teacher tell the kids to do with the second apple?
A.Drop it. B.Praise it. C.Ignore it. D.Respect it.
4.What's the purpose of the teacher's using two apples in class?
A.To draw the kids’ attention.
B.To explain her personal preferences.
C.To help the kids understand the results of bullying.
D.To make a comparison between them.
Shane Gero, a scientist at Aarhus University in Denmark, spent 6 years studying sperm whales (抹香鲸), which communicate through very loud clicks. He found that sperm whales in the Caribbean Sea had different clicks from those in the Pacific Ocean. He even “translated” the clicks from a group of Caribbean sperm whales, believing them to say, “I’m from the Caribbean, are you?”, reported National Geographic. As well as being used for communication, the clicks also allow whales to develop a relationship with one another, according to Gero.
Apart from sperm whales, other animals like wolves and apes also have different regional accents. Researchers analyzed the howls of different species of wolves. They found that red wolves, Arctic wolves and other wolves have howls that vary in pitch (音调). In other words, they have their own dialects.
According to Darcy Kelley from Columbia University, most animals learn their accents naturally. For example, macaques (猕猴) start speaking their dialect as soon as they are born. Scientists placed some macaques in a new environment where their playmates all spoke a different dialect. But the macaques still spoke their own dialect. Their environment had no influence on their communication, according to the Washington Post.
“In most species, communication appears to have a genetic basis,” Kelley explained in the Washington Post. “However, among a small number of species, animals can learn from others and develop their own accents.”
Fruit flies are a good example. According to Science Daily, they send messages through their wing movements. Scientists found that fruit flies can only communicate efficiently with others of the same species. However, they can learn new dialects by spending time around other species.
“A proper accent is vital to mating and warning the coming of enemies, which is the basis of protecting themselves,” Kelley told the Washington Post. A species can’t risk changing their own dialect and learning a new one.
1.What does the author want to show by talking about the sperm whales at the beginning?
A.Animals have different dialects.
B.Sperm whales live in different oceans.
C.Animals can speak different local languages.
D.Whales communicate through clicking noises.
2.Why do researchers believe that wolves have their own dialects?
A.Wolves are wild animals using language.
B.Wolves live in different areas of the world.
C.There are different kinds of wolves in the world.
D.Wolves of different kinds howl at different pitches.
3.According to Kelley, what can dialects help animals to do?
A.Have a better chance of survival.
B.Fight with other species for food.
C.Communicate with other species better.
D.Pass on information to the next generation.
For five days, Edmonton’s Downtown Park is transformed into one huge stage where artists are able to share their talents, and where people are able to celebrate and enjoy themselves. Since its beginning in 1980, the Edmonton Folk Music Festival has been commemorating the true feeling of what folk music is all about and that’s the traditional togetherness(友爱) that is felt when people gather to share stories and feelings through songs.
This year will be the sixth year when volunteer Riedel will be offering up her time to the festival. “People coming off a busy spring and summer have a moment of relaxation,” Riedel said. “It’s really easy to relax, and it’s great seeing family and friends have fun together.” These families and friends come from all different kinds of musical tastes. People who take pleasure in Blues are there, so are people who love Bluegrass. This festival does its best to develop everyone’s musical interests.
With so many years of experience, the festival has become a well-oiled machine, and does whatever it can to make attendees feel as comfortable as possible. There are free water stations throughout the venue(举办地) for people to fill up their travel cups. When people buy food, reusable dishes are given a $2 plate fee, but that is returned when the plate is brought back.
The festival has completely sold out of tickets, and in record time. But with big names such as Van Morrison and Jakob Dylan, it’s easy to see how that was going to happen. There is no parking area during the festival, so using the Park & Ride system or Edmonton Transit is highly recommended. A bike lock-up area is provided and will be available Thursday until Sunday one hour before the gates open until 45 minutes after the gates close.
The Edmonton Folk Music Festival begins on Wednesday, Aug. 4 with Van Morrison playing the special donation fund concert, and will finish up on Sunday, Aug. 8.
1.The Edmonton Folk Music Festival is held mainly to _______.
A.gather people with different musical tastes
B.remind people of the real sense of folk music
C.exhibit the good voices of great talents in folk music
D.collect old stories of folk music
2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Riedel has volunteered for the festival for at least 5 years.
B.It’s hard for people to appreciate Blues.
C.It costs people a little to fill up their cups from water stations.
D.People have to pay $2 for a plate of food.
3.We can learn from the passage that _______.
A.people can get tickets easily for the festival
B.the Edmonton Folk Music Festival is well organized
C.driving one’s own car to the festival is highly recommended
D.bikes are available at the festival from Wednesday to Sunday
