Question

    The U.S. is still out in front of global competitors when it comes to innovation (革新), but American universities-where new ideas often spread-have reason to look over their shoulders.

That's especially true for technologies like 5G phone networks and artificial intelligence. In President Donald Trump's opinion, they're exactly the fields where the U.S. has to lead - and also the ones where Asia, especially China, is catching up. Universities from China get more patents than their U.S. peers in wireless communications, according to research firm GreyB Services. In AI, 17 of the top 20 universities and public research organizations are in China, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences topping the list, says the World Intellectual Property Organization in Geneva.

There's a special place for universities in the development of science. Universities educate future scientists and can be incubators (孵化器) for pie-in-the-sky ideas-some of which turn out to be game-changers. The list ranges from Google's search engine to DNA technology that's behind a whole industry of gene-manipulating (基因编辑) treatments.

However, government aids to universities haven't been growing for more than a decade, meaning they've declined in real terms and as a share of the economy, leading to the cost increase for universities and meanwhile somehow discouraging the teaching staff from putting all their hearts into their scientific research.

“If you look at the federal dollars, they've not really changed considerably,” says Stephen Susalka, head of AUTM, a technology transfer association whose members include 800 universities. “Other countries are catching up. We can't be satisfied with what we have achieved.”

1.What does the underlined phrase “look over their shoulders” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A.Watch out B.Take off

C.Stand up D.Hide away

2.The author mentions 5G phone networks in Paragraph 2 to show.

A.Chinese universities have obtained more patents than other countries

B.the Chinese government provides aids to Chinese universities

C.wireless communications are changed dramatically these years

D.U.S. universities may lose their lead in some high-tech fields

3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?

A.Universities can be birthplaces of game programmers.

B.Pie-in-the-sky ideas from universities can be revolutionary.

C.Universities play an important role in science development.

D.Gene-manipulation helps to develop DNA technology.

4.What's Stephen Susalka's attitude towards the future development of U.S universities?

A.Worried. B.Disapproving.

C.Positive. D.Unconcerned.

Answer

1.A

2.D

3.C

4.A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。全文主要介绍了大学在科技发展过程中的重要作用，也强调了美国的大学在发展5G电话网络和人工智能等领域在慢慢的失去优势地位，文章说明了大学在科学发展中起着重要的作用，以及产生这一现象的原因和有人表达了对这种现象的担心。

1.词义猜测题。根据上文The U.S. is still out in front of global competitors when it comes to innovation, but American universities-where new ideas often spread-have reason to可知当谈论到革新的时候，美国仍然处于全球竞争者的前面，但是美国的大学，这里是新观点传播的地方，现在却有点小心翼翼起来了。but表示转折，说明美国的大学如今在科技方面变得小心翼翼了。第二段中提到的中国大学在无线通信领域获得的专利比美国大学多也证明了这一观点。故划线短语look over their shoulders意思为“小心”。故选A。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段中Universities from China get more patents than their U.S. peers in wireless communications, according to research firm GreyB Services. In AI, 17 of the top 20 universities and public research organizations are in China, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences topping the list, says the World Intellectual Property Organization in Geneva.可知研究公司GreyB Services的数据显示，中国大学在无线通信领域获得的专利比美国大学多。位于日内瓦的世界知识产权组织表示，在人工智能领域，排名前20的大学和公共研究机构中有17个在中国，中国科学院位居榜首。由此可推知，作者在第二段中提到了5G手机网络，是为了表明美国大学可能会失去在一些高科技领域的领先地位。故选D。

3.主旨大意题。根据第三段中There's a special place for universities in the development of science. Universities educate future scientists and can be incubators for pie-in-the-sky ideas-some of which turn out to be game-changers.可知大学在科学发展中占有特殊的地位。大学可以培养未来的科学家，也可以成为空想的孵化器，其中一些最终会成为游戏规则的改变者。由此可知，第3段的主旨大意是大学在科学发展中起着重要的作用。故选C。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“If you look at the federal dollars, they've not really changed considerably,” says Stephen Susalka, head of AUTM, a technology transfer association whose members include 800 universities. “Other countries are catching up. We can't be satisfied with what we have achieved.”可知“如果你看一下联邦的美元，它们实际上并没有发生很大的变化，”技术转让协会（AUTM）的负责人Stephen Susalka说，该协会的成员包括800所大学。“其他国家正在迎头赶上。我们不能满足于我们所取得的成就。”由此可推知，Stephen Susalka对美国大学未来的发展感到担忧。故选A。