Two-thirds of the world’s major rivers have now been disrupted (中断) with more than 50,000 dams in an attempt to stole water and provide power. In the US, there are more than 85,000 dams, disrupting large and small rives and in most cases transforming natural flow. The most famous of these, the Hoover Dam constructed in the 1930’s, is mainly responsible for the fact that the Colorado River no longer reaches the ocean.
Dams besides all their attractive benefits also have negative impacts. Creating a reservoir means a large area must be flooded. Communities may lose their land, houses and cultural relics. Downstream (在下游方向) of a dam, the flow may be reduced so that farmers cannot irrigate (灌溉) their field.
Environmentally the new reservoir can be a paradise for wildlife especially birds. However it can cause greenhouse gas emissions (排放) and poison the water for fish. Also the dramatic rise and fall of water levels during dam releases is too extreme for plains and animals to cope with resulting in dead zones around the shores of reservoirs. Fish that lay their eggs in the sha Mows for example may find a few hours later that those sites are high and dry.
Dams don’t just block water flow. The flow may be reduced so that farmers will have great trouble getting water for their fields. They also prevent fish migrations and are a barrier to sediment (沉淀物) flows. Instead of rushing downriver sediments get backed up against the dam wall, which cause the reservoir level to increase over time. However, sediments which are rich in nutrients have become a problem. The fertility (富饶) of the entire system can be influenced with soils lost during seasonal rains not being replaced.
Perhaps the biggest problem can be seen in deltas (三角洲) often host to large cities, which are sinking into the oceans. Groundwater is being extracted to feed the city causing the urban weight to sink and sediments washed away by the ocean are no longer being replaced. The result is that sea level rise in cities from Shanghai to Alexandria.
1.What effects does creating a reservoir have on people’s life?
a. People will see fewer birds near the rivers.
b. Farmers below the dam may have less water to irrigate their field.
c. Visitors can’t see some cultural relics anymore.
d. More conflicts and wars over water will break out.
e. All kinds of fish will become extinct in the future.
A.b c B.c e
C.b e D.a c
2.With many dams built across rivers fish will______________.
A.find more places to lay their eggs B.feed on more sediment rich in nutrient
C.face a more dangerous living habitat D.find it easier to deal with the rise of water
3.How can dams influence the cities like Shanghai?
A.Its entire system will be influenced. B.It will lie below sea level in the future.
C.The rainy season will last longer. D.Rich soils will be washed away.
4.What does the text mainly talk about?
A.Environmental benefits of dams. B.Cultural loss dam.
C.Economical gain of dams. D.Environmental loss of dams.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. 1..
The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing about, such as cancer and heart disease. 2.. And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if gene technology is applied, not only can these two diseases be cured completely, bringing happiness and more living days to patients, but the great amount of money people spend on treating their diseases can also be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life spans (寿命) can be prolonged.
3.. Some families, with the English imperial family being a good example, have
hereditary ( 遗 传 的 ) diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem. The scientist just needs to find the wrong gene and correct it, and a healthy child will be born.
4.. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep, therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in a very normal way. Of course, the government must take care to regulate gene technology.
A.Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers.
B.Gene technology can help people to give birth to healthy and clever children.
C.Doctors can cure cancer and heart disease with the help of gene technlogy.
D.Many people, however, are worried that gene technology can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities.
E.Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people.
F.Using gene technology, people with heredity diseases can have more living days.
“It’s raining, it’s pouring. The old man is snoring (打鼾). He bumped his head when he went to bed, and he couldn’t get up in the morning.” Why couldn’t the old man in the children’s song get up? (Let’s kindly suppose that he just didn’t want to get up.) This was possibly because in the absence of sunlight, the body was still producing the hormone melatonin (褪黑素), which makes people sleepy.
There are many ways that rainfall affects human behavior. But how much does rain really affect people’s moods and behavior?
In 2008, researchers from the University of Minnesota and Lanzhou University published a paper. They proposed that decreased rainfall was influential in social upheaval (社会动荡) and the downfall of the Tang, Yuan and Ming dynasties in ancient China. This is thought to be related to reduced rice cultivation.
But how might rain affect social behavior in the modern world? A 2009 New York Times investigation found that murder rates in New York drop significantly on rainy days. Meanwhile, in Britain, Dr. Peter Langmead-Jones of Greater Manchester police published a study in 2015 detailing an analysis of 6.6 million police records over one decade in Manchester. “The research showed that the heavier the rainfall, the lower the recorded crime,” he said.
Langmead-Jones also found that there is a strong association between heavy rain and relatively few violent crimes recorded including domestic abuse. This might be because heavy rain stops people from going out to buy alcohol and the reduced alcohol consumption results in fewer crimes.
It’s not all good news though. One study in 1997 concluded that the behavior of children can predict oncoming storms — they were observed to exhibit their worst behavior when barometric pressure (气压) fell. Another study in 2012 found that women are much more likely to be affected psychologically by rain and that they report much lower levels of life satisfaction than men on rainy days.
For all the complaints about rain, it does have some characteristics that hold broad appeal. The sound of raindrops can be very comforting and often features in sleep-inducing relaxation apps. The theory behind this is that the pitter-patter of raindrops is a form of “pink noise.” It can decrease brain activity and consequently improves the quality of sleep. So if it’s raining where you are, the best thing to do may be to have a nap.
1.The author uses the lyrics of a song in the first paragraph to _______.
A.introduce the interesting song to readers
B.voice his understanding of why the old man couldn’t get up in the morning
C.illustrate one way that wet weather influences human behavior
D.explain why people often get up late on rainy days
2.According to Dr. Peter Langmead-Jones, relatively few crimes are recorded on rainy days because _______.
A.people prefer to take a nap at home when it’s raining
B.most people are depressed on rainy days
C.people are too lazy to go out when it’s raining
D.alcohol consumption is reduced due to wet weather
3.According to the article, the influences that rainy days have on human behavior include _______.
① decreased grain output
② relatively few criminal records
③ higher chance of feeling low in spirits
④ more possibility of feeling sleepy
A.①②③ B.①②④
C.①③④ D.②③④
4.According to the last paragraph, what’s the positive impact of rain on human behavior?
A.The sound of raindrops helps people sleep better.
B.On rainy days, all people can get more sleep.
C.It offers a good chance to listen to relaxing music.
D.People feel more satisfied with themselves when it’s raining.
Shakespeare’s Globe Exhibition & Tour is a unique international resource to explore Shakespeare’s work. Open all year round, it gives you an opportunity to learn more about the world’s most famous playwright, and helps you seek to further the experience and international understanding of him.
Opening Hours
Theater Tours: Monday - Sunday 9:30 a.m. - 5 p.m. Exhibition: Monday - Sunday 9 a.m. - 5 p.m.
Groups of 15 people or more are required to pre-book their visit, and each group will have its own tour guide for free. To make a reservation, please fill in a Group Request Form and email it to us.
Last admission is 30 minutes prior to closing time.
Exhibition and Tour Prices
Adult: ￡15.00 Senior (60 ): ￡13.50
Student (with valid ID): ￡11.50 Children (5-15): ￡8.00 Complimentary: every 16th person free
Getting here
Shakespeare’s Globe 21 New Globe Walk, London SE1 9DT, U.K.
We have currently improved security, with all bags being checked. Please arrive in good time, and do not bring any large bags.
Visitors are advised to arrive by public transport or by taxi. There is a car park on Thames Exchange on the north side of Southwark Bridge. Black cabs may be found all year round on Southwark Bridge. It may also be possible to pick one up from outside the entrance hall on New Globe Walk.
Where to eat
Swan at Shakespeare’s Globe serves modern British seasonal food for dinner, afternoon tea or drinks in our beautiful bar and restaurant set over two floors.
Swan Restaurant
Monday-Friday: 12 p.m. - 2:30 p.m. & 6 p.m. - 10:30 p.m.
Saturday: 12 p.m. - 3:30 p.m. & 6 p.m. - 10:30 p.m.
Sunday: 12 p.m. - 9 p.m.
1.Visitors can attend the exhibition at _______.
A.8:35 a.m. on Monday
B.2:35 p.m. on Friday
C.5:35 p.m. on Saturday
D.4:35 p.m. on Sunday
2.According to the article, which of the following statements is true?
A.Visitors are required to deposit their bags before entering the theater.
B.Visitors can park on the south side of Southwark Bridge.
C.Taxi services are accessible near Southwark Bridge.
D.It’s more convenient to drive there than taking public transport.
3.According to the article, what can we learn about Swan Restaurant?
A.It has a lunch break of four hours on weekdays.
B.Afternoon tea is not served on weekends.
C.It serves light meals and drinks every day.
D.It mainly serves local food varying with the seasons.
My father died when I was nine, and I remember doing the household chores to help my mother. I hated changing the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器) bag and picking up things the machine did not suck up.
Twenty years later, in 1978, I was doing chores at home alongside my wife. One day the vacuum cleaner was screaming away, and I had to empty the bag because I could not find a replacement for it. With this lifelong hatred of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a bagless vacuum cleaner.
Easier said than done, of course. I didn’t realize that I would spend the next five years perfecting my design, a process that resulted in 5,127 different prototypes (设计原型). By the time I made my 15th prototype, my third child was born. By 2,627, my wife and I were really counting our pennies. By 3,727, my wife was giving art lessons for some extra cash, and we were getting further and further into debt. These were tough times, but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem.
I just had a passion for the vacuum cleaner as a product, but I never thought of going into a business with it. In the early 1980s, I started trying to get licensing agreements (许可协议) for my technology. The reality was very different, however. The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters (滤网). No one would license my idea, not because it was a bad one, but because it was bad for business.
That gave me the courage to keep going, but soon after, the companies that I had talked with started making machines like mine. I had to fight legal battles on both sides of the Atlantic to protect the patents on my vacuum cleaner. However, I was still in financial difficulties until 1993, when my bank manager personally persuaded Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million. Then I was able to go into production. Within two years, the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a best-seller in Britain.
Today, I still embrace risk and the potential for failure as part of the process. Nothing beats the excitement of invention. Go out and brainstorm your ideas. You are not bound to any rules — in fact, the stranger and riskier your idea, the better.
1.According to the article, which of the following statements about James Dyson is NOT true?
A.He lost his father during his childhood and lived with his mother.
B.He decided to develop an innovative vacuum cleaner for his wife while in his thirties.
C.He built over five thousand prototypes of the vacuum cleaner between 1978 and 1983.
D.The vacuum cleaner he reinvented became popular with British customers as soon as it arrived on the market.
2.According to the article, Dyson’s bagless vacuum cleaner was produced in large numbers _______
A.in the carly 1980s
B.before he obtained a patent on the product
C.after his bank manager agreed to lend him $I million
D.after he managed to get a S1 million loan
3.It can be inferred from the article that _______.
A.Dyson was a born businessman
B.Dyson's invention might have ended up in failure without his wife
C.Dyson had no confidence in his vacuum cleaner initially
D.Dyson's vacuum cleaner was never recognized by other vacuum makers
4.According to the article, which of the following would most likely be Dyson’s motto?
A.We are all failures — at least the best of us are.
B.The foundation stones for a success are honesty, faith, love and loyalty.
C.It is only in adventure that some people succeed in knowing themselves.
D.The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear.
By the end of the 20th century, TV show producers had begun to turn to the cheapest performers available — their audience. It seemed that anyone who wanted fame could _______ it. And some people wanted it far too much.
Richard and Mayumi Heene, _______ , launched a large balloon 2,000 meters into the air and then called a TV network to say that their six-year-old son, Falcon, was inside it. Planes were re-routed and Denver International Airport was briefly _______ . However, Falcon was later found to have been hiding in the family’s garage the whole time. The “balloon boy” incident turned out to be a hoax (骗局) and the Heenes were _______ of doing it in the hope of landing their own reality TV shows. Instead, they got a fine and a short sentence each — but they were certainly _______ for a while.
So do we want fame? Research suggests that a large number of us do. According to one recent survey, 30 percent of adults regularly daydream about being famous and 40 percent of us expect to _______ some kind of fame in our lifetimes. Perhaps a better question is: should we want to be famous? Do we really want every _______ of our private lives exposed in newspapers and discussed on television? Some people, such as talent show contestant Susan Boyle, seem ill-euipped to deal with this kind of _______, despite their talent. Boyle gained international fame for her extraordinary singing voice after appearing on TV talent show Britain’s Got Talent and her first album became the fastest-selling of all time in the U.K. But the sudden fame didn’t seem easy for her at first, and after the final of the show, Boyle was _______ to a private psychiatric clinic.
Furthermore, people who achieve fame often don’t seem to like it once they have it. A survey of celebrities found that they worry about the press, critics, threatening letters, the lack of privacy, and the __________ on their children. These are hardly worries that __________ people have to deal with. They also, __________, worry about what would happen if they were no longer famous. And there are plenty of people to ask about that. Take, for example, Donato Dalrymple, a fisherman who rescued a boy from the sea and enjoyed the media spotlight for several months afterwards. When it ended, however, he __________ his job as a toilet cleaner. “I know I’m a nobody,” he said when the attention had __________.
“When the person has to go back to everyday life, there’s a sense of __________ loss and being cheated out of something,” says Dr. Robert Cancro of the New York University School of Medicine.
1.A.envy B.avoid C.afford D.get
2.A.for example B.on the other hand C.in contrast D.in comparison
3.A.shut down B.searched through C.sent off D.looked into
4.A.charged B.accused C.considered D.warned
5.A.supported B.ashamed C.crazy D.famous
6.A.involve B.increase C.beat D.experience
7.A.arrangement B.aspect C.variety D.zone
8.A.behavior B.crisis C.pressure D.reputation
9.A.accessible B.admitted C.used D.crowded
10.A.weight B.influence C.benefit D.energy
11.A.intelligent B.well-known C.common D.considerate
12.A.accidentally B.fortunately C.ironically D.understandably
13.A.held up B.gave up C.decided on D.returned to
14.A.disappeared B.arisen C.been paid D.grown
15.A.moderation B.achievement C.disappointment D.direction
