阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
CONFUCIUS1.has been known in China as Kung Tzu, is one of the most 2. (influence) philosophers.
Confucius was born in 551 B C. in the state of Lu, in the southern part of the present Shandong province in eastern China. He lived in 3. (poor) in his youth, but entered the government of Lu and by the time he was fifty, he 4.(reach) high official rank. As a result of political intrigue (阴谋), however, he was soon forced 5. (resign) his position and go into exile (流亡). For the next thirteen years he traveled from state to state always 6. (hope) to find an opportunity to realize his ideal of political and social reform. Nowhere, however, did he succeed, and finally as an old man he returned to Lu, 7. he died three years later in 479 B.C.
8. is more significant and unique is that Confucius was China’s first private teacher. According to tradition, he had several thousand students, of whom several tens became famous 9. (thinker). Known10.Confucianism, his ideas are best known through Confucian Analects, a collection of his sayings which was compiled by some of his followers.
Are small cities the smartest?
When you _________ of urban transformations (转变), you _________ to think of high-rise mega-cities like Shanghai, Dubai or Hong Kong. Or if it's technological advances, San Francisco and Silicon Valley might come to ___________.
But, the cities at the forefront (处于前列) of this growing urban revolution are often the _______.
Take Kalasatama, a city being built from scratch on the outskirts (市郊) of Helsinki, Finland. Developers say that by its _________ in 2030, residents will get an average hour of their day back by living there.
Finland's smart city Kalasatama is custom-built to make daily life more _________. City residents will never again be _________ behind a rubbish lorry on their commute. Engineers have equipped the whole city with a vacuum waste system, where people _______ take their trash to a port and it gets sucked (抽吸) to an underground disposal (处理) center. Another time-saving design is the city layout (布局) itself. Public services, such as schools, hospitals and transportation are close to one another and easily _________.
“ Five more minutes walking in the park, five more minutes with the kids before I have to __________work, five more minutes earlier at home,” Kerkko Vanhanen, the program director for Smart Kalasatama, tells CNN. "Your life is easier because of living in the most ________ city in the world,” he adds.
However, only 3, 500 people currently live in Kalasatama. By 2030, developers hope to have ________ 25,000 people and created 10,000 jobs.
Cities don't have to be custom-built to be able to unlock this potential. The ancient cliffside city of Matera in southern Italy is working to become one of the first 5G-enabled ________ in Europe.
It believes 5G can help it become a center of ________ tourism, using technology such as Virtual Reality to display the cultural and artistic heritage of the city that was named European Capital of Culture in 2019.
High-tech conveniences __________ sharing personal data.
“Data about you is used for delivering all sorts of both public and private services. And people are ________ about what that means to their __________,” says Reichental.
As smart cities develop, governments need to __________the trust of citizens to use their private data __________, says Udo Kock, deputy mayor of Amsterdam, where an open data program is helping to make it one of Europe's most innovative environments.
“Don’t think of Smart Cities as just a technology solution. think of it as cooperation. ____________communities and citizens so it's very important for governments to work together with businesses and private citizens, "says Kock.
1.A.see B.hear C.smell D.taste
2.A.try B.tend C.intend D.keep
3.A.mind B.age C.face D.back
4.A.crazy B.serious C.unexpected D.artificial
5.A.competition B.cooperation C.completion D.combination
6.A.efficient B.hard C.enormous D.risky
7.A.struck B.stressed C.powered D.stuck
8.A.easily B.possibly C.fortunately D.simply
9.A.affordable B.fashionable C.changeable D.accessible
10.A.date from B.leave for C.hold back D.rely on
11.A.quiet B.functional C.alternative D.historical
12.A.housed B.discovered C.harnessed D.switched
13.A.villages B.roads C.cities D.lakes
14.A.equal B.optimistic C.digital D.narrow
15.A.get rid of B.come at the cost of C.run out of D.bring an end to
16.A.concerned B.proud C.thrilled D.uninterested
17.A.resources B.destination C.solution D.privacy
18.A.gain B.lose C.mix D.attach
19.A.happily B.definitely C.responsibly D.stupidly
20.A.Argue B.Command C.Involve D.Charge
Long holidays give you a chance to relax and step away from your busy studies for some fun time with your loved ones. 1.. Here are a few ways to make money during the holiday.
Got spare textbooks? Sell them off
As we all know, textbooks are expensive, Why not sell the books you no longer need for a bit of extra cash over the holidays? 2..
Pick up a temporary retail (零售) job
If you like holiday retail, you can make quite a bit of money by picking up a few hours at a nearby big-box store. 3..
Be a private teacher online
There are always going to be people who need some help with their education. Are you good at math? Use those skills to help people get through their own schooling.
4.
For many of you the holidays are a time of relaxation. They can be different for you. They can also be an opportunity to make a ton of money on the side.
5.If you use your imagination, I’m certain you can come up with even more. Of course, you can do all of them at once or in any combination you see fit.
A.Do something helpful for others
B.After all, shops can offer a lot of goods
C.Start considering a different holiday life
D.Give yourself a chance to make some money
E.Almost everyone is going to look for extra employees
F.Besides, you can also make money by selling your old belongings
G.What I’ve presented is only a few ways to make money during the holiday
Two-thirds of the world’s major rivers have now been disrupted (中断) with more than 50,000 dams in an attempt to stole water and provide power. In the US, there are more than 85,000 dams, disrupting large and small rives and in most cases transforming natural flow. The most famous of these, the Hoover Dam constructed in the 1930’s, is mainly responsible for the fact that the Colorado River no longer reaches the ocean.
Dams besides all their attractive benefits also have negative impacts. Creating a reservoir means a large area must be flooded. Communities may lose their land, houses and cultural relics. Downstream (在下游方向) of a dam, the flow may be reduced so that farmers cannot irrigate (灌溉) their field.
Environmentally the new reservoir can be a paradise for wildlife especially birds. However it can cause greenhouse gas emissions (排放) and poison the water for fish. Also the dramatic rise and fall of water levels during dam releases is too extreme for plains and animals to cope with resulting in dead zones around the shores of reservoirs. Fish that lay their eggs in the sha Mows for example may find a few hours later that those sites are high and dry.
Dams don’t just block water flow. The flow may be reduced so that farmers will have great trouble getting water for their fields. They also prevent fish migrations and are a barrier to sediment (沉淀物) flows. Instead of rushing downriver sediments get backed up against the dam wall, which cause the reservoir level to increase over time. However, sediments which are rich in nutrients have become a problem. The fertility (富饶) of the entire system can be influenced with soils lost during seasonal rains not being replaced.
Perhaps the biggest problem can be seen in deltas (三角洲) often host to large cities, which are sinking into the oceans. Groundwater is being extracted to feed the city causing the urban weight to sink and sediments washed away by the ocean are no longer being replaced. The result is that sea level rise in cities from Shanghai to Alexandria.
1.What effects does creating a reservoir have on people’s life?
a. People will see fewer birds near the rivers.
b. Farmers below the dam may have less water to irrigate their field.
c. Visitors can’t see some cultural relics anymore.
d. More conflicts and wars over water will break out.
e. All kinds of fish will become extinct in the future.
A.b c B.c e
C.b e D.a c
2.With many dams built across rivers fish will______________.
A.find more places to lay their eggs B.feed on more sediment rich in nutrient
C.face a more dangerous living habitat D.find it easier to deal with the rise of water
3.How can dams influence the cities like Shanghai?
A.Its entire system will be influenced. B.It will lie below sea level in the future.
C.The rainy season will last longer. D.Rich soils will be washed away.
4.What does the text mainly talk about?
A.Environmental benefits of dams. B.Cultural loss dam.
C.Economical gain of dams. D.Environmental loss of dams.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. 1..
The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing about, such as cancer and heart disease. 2.. And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if gene technology is applied, not only can these two diseases be cured completely, bringing happiness and more living days to patients, but the great amount of money people spend on treating their diseases can also be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life spans (寿命) can be prolonged.
3.. Some families, with the English imperial family being a good example, have
hereditary ( 遗 传 的 ) diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem. The scientist just needs to find the wrong gene and correct it, and a healthy child will be born.
4.. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep, therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in a very normal way. Of course, the government must take care to regulate gene technology.
A.Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers.
B.Gene technology can help people to give birth to healthy and clever children.
C.Doctors can cure cancer and heart disease with the help of gene technlogy.
D.Many people, however, are worried that gene technology can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities.
E.Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people.
F.Using gene technology, people with heredity diseases can have more living days.
“It’s raining, it’s pouring. The old man is snoring (打鼾). He bumped his head when he went to bed, and he couldn’t get up in the morning.” Why couldn’t the old man in the children’s song get up? (Let’s kindly suppose that he just didn’t want to get up.) This was possibly because in the absence of sunlight, the body was still producing the hormone melatonin (褪黑素), which makes people sleepy.
There are many ways that rainfall affects human behavior. But how much does rain really affect people’s moods and behavior?
In 2008, researchers from the University of Minnesota and Lanzhou University published a paper. They proposed that decreased rainfall was influential in social upheaval (社会动荡) and the downfall of the Tang, Yuan and Ming dynasties in ancient China. This is thought to be related to reduced rice cultivation.
But how might rain affect social behavior in the modern world? A 2009 New York Times investigation found that murder rates in New York drop significantly on rainy days. Meanwhile, in Britain, Dr. Peter Langmead-Jones of Greater Manchester police published a study in 2015 detailing an analysis of 6.6 million police records over one decade in Manchester. “The research showed that the heavier the rainfall, the lower the recorded crime,” he said.
Langmead-Jones also found that there is a strong association between heavy rain and relatively few violent crimes recorded including domestic abuse. This might be because heavy rain stops people from going out to buy alcohol and the reduced alcohol consumption results in fewer crimes.
It’s not all good news though. One study in 1997 concluded that the behavior of children can predict oncoming storms — they were observed to exhibit their worst behavior when barometric pressure (气压) fell. Another study in 2012 found that women are much more likely to be affected psychologically by rain and that they report much lower levels of life satisfaction than men on rainy days.
For all the complaints about rain, it does have some characteristics that hold broad appeal. The sound of raindrops can be very comforting and often features in sleep-inducing relaxation apps. The theory behind this is that the pitter-patter of raindrops is a form of “pink noise.” It can decrease brain activity and consequently improves the quality of sleep. So if it’s raining where you are, the best thing to do may be to have a nap.
1.The author uses the lyrics of a song in the first paragraph to _______.
A.introduce the interesting song to readers
B.voice his understanding of why the old man couldn’t get up in the morning
C.illustrate one way that wet weather influences human behavior
D.explain why people often get up late on rainy days
2.According to Dr. Peter Langmead-Jones, relatively few crimes are recorded on rainy days because _______.
A.people prefer to take a nap at home when it’s raining
B.most people are depressed on rainy days
C.people are too lazy to go out when it’s raining
D.alcohol consumption is reduced due to wet weather
3.According to the article, the influences that rainy days have on human behavior include _______.
① decreased grain output
② relatively few criminal records
③ higher chance of feeling low in spirits
④ more possibility of feeling sleepy
A.①②③ B.①②④
C.①③④ D.②③④
4.According to the last paragraph, what’s the positive impact of rain on human behavior?
A.The sound of raindrops helps people sleep better.
B.On rainy days, all people can get more sleep.
C.It offers a good chance to listen to relaxing music.
D.People feel more satisfied with themselves when it’s raining.
