Question

    The story of a voyage bearing witness to plastic pollution in the oceans,Junk Raft(筏子），based on facts,is an exciting,thought-provoking book.Science educator and researcher Marcus Eriksen's navigational feat(航海壮举）is holding readers' attention and interest--88 days crossing some 4,000 kilometers of open ocean,on a raft made of 15,000 plastic bottles wrapped in fishing nets.But it is more. Two equally fascinating storylines are made up through the written records of a series of events: Eriksen's evolution from soldier to research director of the environmental non-profit 5 Gyres Institute, and the journey we all need to take towards a more sustainable use of plastics.

Around 15%of all the litter in our oceans in plastic,and a calculated 5 million tonnes of plastic waste enter the seas annually.Unavoidably,it is now present at the sea surface and on shorelines,in Arctic seas and on the sea bed at depths of 3,500 metres.Around 700 sea species are known to come into contact with pieces of waste plastic material-and can be harmed or killed by taking in it or becoming twisted and caught in it.There are also concerns about plastics accumulating in commercially important species of fish and shellfish.The waters and shores of Hawaii are particularly heavily pottuted, giving a rationale(理由）for Eriksen's destination.

This environmental challenge has attracted increasing scientific,media and societal attention in recent years.  yet few accounts have conveyed the\wider picture accessibly Junk Raft does just this---while exposing our frustratingly slow progress on a issue of major importance to fisheries, tourism and,finally,the health of the world's oceans.

Eriksen lists the issues associated with the accumulation of sea plastic:the causes,consequences and potential solutions.Our single-use culture is the main offender.For more than 60 years,society and industry have been producing more and more throwaway items particularly packaging.Some solutions lie in better acquisition of materials at the end of their lives,in a circular economy.

Eriksen takes the crisis into consideration together with a timeline of scientific discovery and advancement since the 1970s.Alongside this he gives a very personal,somewhat North American,view the troubles of industry and policy involvement the side plots and blind alleys,and the tactics(战术） of avoidance and disturbance he has so often experienced.There are parallels,he shows,with the troubles that faced those who fought to raise awareness around the health impacts of smoking.

Throughout,we are regularly brought back to the realities of life aboard the raft,with Eriksen's fellow sailor Joel Paschal.This is both fascinating and eventful,from their slow,occasionally very dangerous progress to the moments when it seems the raft will break up into pieces,littering the ocean with the waste material Eriksen is trying so hard to fight against.Eriksen's wider journey also takes him onto dry land,where he touches on the accumulation of land plastic.He learns about the consumption of plastic bags by camels-a serious issue in some desert countries.

It can be difficult to judge the direct impacts of projects such as Eriksen's,but he rightly notes the Importance of raising awareness of the risks of disposable plastic.Eriksen has also done much to emphasize the environmental consequences of polymer microbeads(聚合物微粒）in the US Great Lakes, providing key evidence that led to the introduction of a law.

Junk Raft is filled with adventure,romance,a sense of optimism and important truths that will be needed by the thousands of groups.It serves as a reflection of the choices and journeys that each of us makes and helps us understand how plastic in the oceans is closely connected with the future of human life.

1.What makes the book Junk Raft attractive to readers?

A.The appeal for global environmental protection.

B.Efforts made to put an end to the use of plastics.

C.Erisken's adventures on the plastic ocean on a raft.

D.Eriksen's soldierly service and environmental study.

2.What has raised people's concern according to the passage?

A.More rubbish being poured into the oceans.

B.Plastics accumulating in rare species of fish.

C.Many species in the oceans suffering fro shock.

D.The waters of the oceans being polluted by plastics.

3.What does the underlined word"this"in Paragraph3 refer to?

A.Making accounts accessible.

B.Listing the environmental issues.

C.Taking the pollution into account.

D.Facing the environmental challenge.

4.What is the main reason for sea plastic pollution?

A.The overuse of household items.

B.The wasteful throwaway culture.

C.The production of more materials.

D.The failure to find potential solutions.

5.The trouble industry and policy engagement face lies in that_____.

A.the current policy is yet to be further perfected

B.people turn a blind eye to the plastics industry

C.people lack correct awareness of the problem

D.the market need for plastics is enlarging on land

6.What is the author's attitude toward Eriksen's work?

A.Cautious. B.Ambiguous.

C.Doubtful. D.Appreciative.

Answer

1.C

2.D

3.A

4.B

5.C

6.D

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章围绕一本名为Junk Raft的书，讲述了其作者用塑料垃圾自制的筏子在太平洋上漂流，亲眼见证海洋的受污染情况，以其经历告诫人们提高对塑料垃圾的关注度，提醒读者要保护环境。

1.

细节理解题。根据地第一段第二句“Science educator and researcher Marcus Eriksen's navigational feat(航海壮举）is holding readers' attention and interest”可知，让读者感兴趣的就是书中描述的Eriksen乘垃圾筏在海上的航行。故选C项。

2.

推理判断题。根据第二段中“There are also concerns about plastics accumulating in commercially important species of fish and shellfish.”及整段内容可知，这一段描述的就是塑料垃圾对海洋影响的现状，一方面是在海洋中分布广泛，另一方面对海洋生物也造成极大危害，这些都是让人感到担忧的。故选D项。

3.

词义猜测题。根据第三段中划线词所在句“yet few accounts have conveyed the\wider picture accessibly Junk Raft does just this---while exposing our frustratingly slow progress on a issue of major importance to fisheries, tourism and,finally,the health of the world's oceans.”可知，鲜少有报告或描述如此详尽地传达了环境方面的挑战，但Junk Raft做到了，这里this指代的就是accounts have conveyed the wider picture accessibly这件事。故选A项。

4.

推理判断题。根据第四段中“Our single-use culture is the main offender.For more than 60 years,society and industry have been producing more and more throwaway items particularly packaging.”可知，塑料污染的一大归因就是人类的一次性消费文化，许多塑料制品在我们用过一次后就会扔掉，这不仅浪费，而且会制造污染。故选B项。

5.

推理判断题。根据第五段中“Alongside this he gives a very personal,somewhat North American,view the troubles of industry and policy involvement the side plots and blind alleys,and the tactics(战术） of avoidance and disturbance he has so often experienced.”以及第七段中“It can be difficult to judge the direct impacts of projects such as Eriksen's,but he rightly notes the Importance of raising awareness of the risks of disposable plastic.”可知，在作者看来，产业和政策面临的困难在于次要的布局和“死胡同”，他也常经历一些逃避和干扰的情况，其实就是公众对塑料污染没有正确的认识和足够的重视，这也正是这本书要给读者指明的。故选C项。

6.

推理判断题。根据最后一段“Junk Raft is filled with adventure,romance,a sense of optimism and important truths that will be needed by the thousands of groups.It serves as a reflection of the choices and journeys that each of us makes and helps us understand how plastic in the oceans is closely connected with the future of human life.”（舢板充满了冒险，浪漫，乐观的感觉和重要的真理，将被成千上万的团体需要。它反映了我们每个人的选择和旅程，帮助我们理解海洋中的塑料如何与人类生活的未来紧密相连。）可知，作者对Junk Raft这本书的意义予以了相当的肯定，应该说是表示欣赏和承认其价值的。故选D项。