Question

    Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables（乘法口诀表）are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of over learning explains why cramming（突击学习）for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.

1.What is the main idea of paragraph 1?

A.People remember well what they learned when they were little.

B.Children have a better memory than grown-ups.

C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words.

D.Stories for children are easy to remember.

2.The author explains the law of overlearning by_________.

A.presenting research findings B.setting down general rules

C.making a comparison D.using examples

3.According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is_______.

A.a result of overlearning B.a special case of cramming

C.a skill to deal with math problems D.a basic step towards advanced studies

Answer

1.A

2.D

3.A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章解释了为何我们能记得住我们童年学过的东西。引入了“超量学习”概念。并用例子解释了“超量学习”这一现象。

1.

主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since（大人们常常会惊讶于他们能很好地记住儿时学过但此后从未练习过的东西）可知，文章第一段一开始提出论点：我们很容易记得我们童年学过东西。接着作者通过举诸如游泳，骑自行车，唱歌，学习单词的例子来说明这个论点。所以第一段在告诉我们一个现象即我们很容易记住我们小时候学过的东西。故选A项。

2.

推理判断题。作者在文章第二段提出了One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it（一种解释是超量学习定律，它可以这样表述:一旦我们学会了一些东西，额外的学习尝试会增加我们记住它的时间长度）。在提出“超量学习”概念后，作者在第三和第四段提到诸如“孩提时代学会游泳、骑自行车和打棒球，学单词以及听灰姑娘和金发姑娘之类的童年故事，背乘法口诀”等例子来解释“超量学习定律”。所以作者是通过举例的方式来解释的。故选D项。

3.

细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段The multiplication tables are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood（我们在学校里学的东西会很快忘记，这是一个普遍规律，乘法表只是一个例外，因为它们是我们在童年时超量学习的东西之一）可知，乘法表也是我们童年超量学习定律的结果之一。故选A项。