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Vitamin B could help lessen the effects ...

    Vitamin B could help lessen the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollutionaccording to a new study published recently. In the first study of its kinda team of international researchers looked at the damage caused by one of the pollutants that has the most severe impact on health: PM2.5.

Particulate matteror PMis a type of air pollutant consisting of small particles of different sizes. PM2.5 has a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometersabout 30 times smaller than a human hair. These particles are so small that they can go into our respiratory system (呼吸系统), resulting in lung and systemic inflammation (炎症) and stress.

The team found that something as simple as a daily vitamin B supplement could potentially reduce the impact of the tiny particles on the human bodyalthough they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small.

For this study10 volunteers were initially exposed to clean air and given a placebo (安慰剂) to check their responses. The group then took another placebo for four weeks before being exposed to heavily polluted air from downtown Torontowhere an estimated 1000 cars pass every hour. The bad air was delivered to the volunteers through an “oxygentype” face mask. The experiment was then repeatedwith each volunteer taking a vitamin B supplement daily made up of 2.5 mg of folic acid50 mg of vitamin B6and 1 mg of vitamin B12. B6 can be found in liverchicken and nutsand B12 in fishmeateggsmilk and some cereals.

The researchers found that four weeks of vitamin B supplements reduced the damage of PM2.5 exposure by 28%76%. The results highlight how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight the harmful effects of PM2.5.

1.Why is PM2.5 harmful to our health?

A.It pollutes and poisons the air. B.It is too much to be got rid of.

C.It carries viruses and diseases. D.It is easily breathed in and damages our body.

2.What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A.The process of the research was not scientific.

B.This kind of research has been done many times.

C.Further studies are needed to confirm their findings.

D.Vitamin B is hard to obtain in people’s daily life.

3.What is the text mainly about?

A.International researchers have a new finding.

B.Vitamin B could reduce the damage of PM2.5.

C.Particulate matter does great harm to our health.

D.Emission control and regulation are badly needed.

4.The new study was probably published ________.

A.in a science journal B.on a government website

C.in a fashion magazine D.in a medical textbook

 

1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章提到吸入人体内的PM2.5会导致疾病。不过,研究发现维生素B在一定程度上能降低PM2.5的危害。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的These particles are so small that they can go into our respiratory system,resulting in lung and systemic inflammation and stress(这些颗粒非常小,它们可以进入我们的呼吸系统,导致肺部和全身的炎症和压力)可知,PM2.5 (细颗粒物)很小,能进入我们的呼吸系统,导致肺部和全身炎症。故选D项。 2. 推理判断题 。根据第三段中的although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small(尽管他们强调研究还处于早期阶段,样本量也较小)可知,该项研究处于初级阶段且样本规模小,因此还需要更多的研究来证明研究团队的发现。故选C项。 3. 主旨大意题。首先作者在文章第一段第一行提到Vitamin B could help lessen the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution(维生素B可以帮助减轻最危险的空气污染的影响),接着文章的文章第一段剩余部分和第二段谈到PM2.5的定义以及PM2.5的危害。从文章的第三段到第五段作者通过研究的过程和数据告诉我们维生素B能降低PM2.5的危害。综合分析,这篇文章主要再讲维生素B能降低PM2.5的危害。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段Vitamin B could help lessen the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution,according to a new study published recently(根据最近发表的一项新研究,维生素B可以帮助减轻最危险的空气污染的影响)可知,后面段落的内容都是用来描述这个已公布新研究的一些细节。因此可以判断该文很可能出自科学期刊。故选A项。
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1.Which of the following leaders has the largest number of books written about them?

A.Harold Wilson. B.Churchill.

C.Margaret Thatcher. D.Tony Blair.

2.Which writer was once a politician?

A.Ben Pimlott. B.Charles Moore.

C.John Campbell. D.Roy Jenkins.

3.What’s purpose of the author’s writing the passage?

A.To introduce some histories on selections.

B.To recommend some books on leaders.

C.To tell some mysteries about historians.

D.To think highly of some famous leaders.

 

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假如你参加全国中学生英语夏令营。请你根据以下内容用英语拟一份简短的讲稿,准备在闭营仪式上发言:

主要活动

参加了两个比赛,在这两个重要的比赛中你们相互学习,相互鼓励,使你受益匪浅。

感受

5天短暂而有意义的夏令营像一场美梦,成了你人生历程中最难忘的一段。

愿望

共同努力,争取在明年全国大学生英语夏令营中再相会。

 

注意:1. 可以适当增加细节,使内容连贯;

2. 词数:100左右。

3. 参考词汇:全国大学生英语夏令营 National English Summer Camp for College Students.

Dear friends,

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    “Trick or treat, trick or treat! Give me something good to eat!” It is Halloween! Kids dressed in costumes, neighbors giving out candy! It is just an amazing holiday! This year I decided to be a black cat.

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Every year in New York City, there is a huge parade, there are floats and people walk around in costumes. Some are animal featured, some are scary and spooky like the skeleton and some are funny like the clown. It is very fun!!! Some people have Halloween parties. Stores sell a variety of costumes; the most popular costumes are the witch, the ghost, many from the old movies. Many stores sell decorating accessories(附属品) like fake spider webs, real pumpkins and plastic ghosts. So, if you are a Halloween lover, you can turn your home into a haunted house! That is absolutely cool!

Halloween

1.

Time and place

Forms for celebration

2.

3.

a sign of bad luck

Halloween began in the mediaeval -years

4.

Some are animal featured

Kids dressed in costumes

5.

6.

a sign of Halloween

Every year in New York

Stores sell a variety of costumes

Some are scary and spooky like the skeleton

Neighbors giving out candy

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

 

 

 

 

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Washington D.C. is the capital of the United States. It’s the center of national government. It’s a busy, working city with a large population. But what is more, Washington is also a city of history and culture.

Washington was created in 1790, when the Congress (the highest lawmaking body of the U.S.A.) decided to place the nation’s new capital in the east of the country. It was built half-way between the northern and southern states of America. And of course it was named after George Washington, the first President of the United States.

There are many tourist sights in Washington. Perhaps the most important tourist sight is the Capital Building. This house is where is the Congress.

Another world-famous building in Washington is the White House. This is the home and office of the President of the United States. Most visitors are, however, surprised by how small the White House actually is.

Washington is also a great culture city. The Library of Congress contains one of the largest library collections in the world. The Smithsonian Museum holds the nation’s largest collection of cultural materials. And the John F. Kennedy Center is a famous center of art and culture. It has many great musical. and theatre performances throughout the year.

Now fill in the table with some information about Washington D.C.(注意:每空不要超过3个单词)

Washington D.C.

History and location

Created in 1.when the Congress decided that, and named after

2.

Lies halfway between 3.and 4.

states of  America

A capital city

Center of the 5. government

 

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A 8.city

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Apple a day may poison children

Children who eat an apple or pear a day may be exceeding(超过) the pesticide(杀虫剂) safety limit because of remains on the fruit,according to research.

Using data of the British Department of Environment on pesticides on fruit collected from supermarkets,scientists thought that each day some children would get a poisonous level of pesticides.

The research,published on Sunday,says the government repeatedly claims that the levels of pesticide are safe because,instead of measuring individual apples, researchers buy 10,crush them and take an average reading to see if they are safe. This is the internationally agreed method of checking remains.

But government figures show that the pesticide is not averagely spread across the batch(一批),and one or two apples could contain 90% or more of the pesticide in the batch.

It used mathematical modeling to measure exposure(暴露) to pesticides for children aged between 18 months and four years old. The pesticides involved can destroy children’s hormones and some are suspected(怀疑) of causing cancer.

The good news for British fruit growers is that samples grown in this country had lower residue level than imported fruit,so buying home-produced fruit will reduce the danger,said Emily Diamand,one of the Earth’s senior food researchers and one of the authors of the report.

1.The reason why “Apple a day may poison children”  is that ______.

A. there are some pests in the apple

B. children would get a poisonous level of pesticides because of the remains on the apple

C. there are always more pesticides on the apples produced in Britain

D. the apple is too hard for children to eat

2.The internationally agreed method of checking remains is to buy ______.

A. two apples,crush them and take an average reading to see if they are safe

B. five apples,crush them and test to see if they are safe

C. ten apples,crush them and take an average reading to see if they are safe

D. eighty apples,and then test them by crushing

3.The underlined word “residue” can be replaced by  ______.

A. remains      B. pesticide

C. poison      D. medicine

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. The remains of the pesticides can do harm to the children’s health.

B. The remains of the pesticides can do harm to the children’s hormones.

C. Some remains of the pesticides are suspected of causing cancer.

D. For safety,we had better not import apples from Britain.

 

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