Question

    When Americans think of the lunch menu at their childhood school cafeterias, they probably imagine a shapeless, tasteless pile of mystery meat – plus some brown much（糊状物）,to match. But for children in Japan, school lunches are a rich experience where culture, nutrition and sustainability collide.

“Japan’s standpoint is that school lunches are a part of education, not a break from it,” Masahiro Oji, a government director of school health education in Japan, told The Washington Post.

Fare offered at schools in Japan is affordable, fresh, and made by the students themselves. And Japanese children don’t just eat the food they prepare; they learn about the nutritional and cultural elements of their meals, too. The food is grown locally and includes a balanced menu of rice, vegetable, fish and soups. As a bonus, each meal costs just $2.50.

“Parents hear their kids talking about what they had for lunch,” Tatsuji Shino, the principal at Umejima Elementary School in Tokyo, told The Washington Post, “and kids ask them to re-create the meals at home.”

Japanese students also learn cooperation and etiquette（礼仪）as they serve and clean up after each other. Mealtime is a scene of communal duty: In both elementary and middle schools, students in white coats and caps serve their classmates. Children eat in their classrooms. They get identical meals, and if they leave food untouched, they are out of luck: Their schools have no vending machines. Children in most districts are barred from bringing food to school, either, until they reach high school.

Considering the fact that Japan has one of the world’s lowest childhood obesity rates, the U.S. probably has a lot to learn from this country’s school lunches. A 2011 study found that American students who regularly ate the school lunch – where options include pizza, chicken tenders（炸鸡柳）and French fries – were 29 percent more likely to be obese than those who brought lunch from home.

1.According to the article, which word best describes what Americans think of their lunch at school?

A.Tasty. B.Ordinary.

C.Disgusting. D.Unique.

2.The underlined word “Fare” in the third paragraph probably means________.

A.food B.breakfast

C.drinks D.price

3.What is the main purpose of students’ preparing lunch by themselves in Japanese schools?

A.To allow students to learn cooperation.

B.To teach students some basic life skills.

C.To let students learn about nutritional values of foods.

D.To inspire students to share their food with others.

4.What can we infer from the passage?

A.Japan has the lowest rate of obesity in the world.

B.Japanese schools lay great emphasis on cooperation and etiquette.

C.American school children don’t bring homemade lunches.

D.Students in Japan are healthier in every way than those in America.

Answer

1.C

2.A

3.C

4.B

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国的学校午餐令人作呕，而日本的学校让学生自己准备午餐，其目的是让学生在自制午餐的过程中学习到膳食中的营养和文化元素，美国应该学习日本的学校午餐模式。

1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When Americans think of the lunch menu at their childhood school cafeterias, they probably imagine a shapeless, tasteless pile of mystery meat – plus some brown much（糊状物）,to match.”可知，当美国人想到他们童年时代学校自助餐厅的午餐菜单时，他们可能会联想到一堆没有形状、没有味道的神秘的肉，再加上一些褐色的东西来搭配，由此可知，美国人认为他们的学校午餐是令人作呕的，故C项正确。

2.词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Japanese children don’t just eat the food they prepare; they learn about the nutritional and cultural elements of their meals, too. The food is grown locally and includes a balanced menu of rice, vegetable, fish and soups.”可知，日本的孩子不仅仅吃他们准备的食物，他们还学习他们膳食中的营养和文化元素，食物都是本地种植的，包括米饭、蔬菜、鱼和汤的均衡菜单，因此画线词应该是和“食物”有关，此处是说在日本，学校提供的食物是负担得起的，新鲜的，由学生自己做的，由此可知画线词词义为“食物”，故A项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Japan’s standpoint is that school lunches are a part of education”及第三段中的“they learn about the nutritional and cultural elements of their meals, too.”可知，日本的立场是学校午餐是教育的一部分，日本的孩子可以在自制午餐的过程中学习到膳食中的营养和文化元素，由此可知，日本学校让学生自己准备午餐的主要目的是让学生了解食物的营养价值，故C项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Japanese students also learn cooperation and etiquette（礼仪）as they serve and clean up after each other.”可知，日本学生也学习合作和礼仪，由此可知。日本学校非常注重培养学生的合作和礼仪，故B项正确。