Question

    For thousands of years, salting was a common way to preserve food. Corned beef (咸牛肉）, bacon, green beans, and hundreds of other foods were preserved with salt.1. Then, in the 1800s, a Frenchman named Louis Pasteur discovered the secret: bacteria.

What does salt have to do with bacteria? Two things: First, bacteria need moisture (水分）to grow and multiply. Salt pulls moisture out of food, so the bacteria die. 2. If you cover food with salt or very salty liquid, bacteria outside the food die before they get in, and bacteria already in the food are poisoned by the salt that goes inside.

3. For meat or fish,you pour on a layer of salt, then rub it in well, leaving a salt crust (盾）all over the outside. Hams are often made this way. Another way is to put food into very salty water, called brine (卤水）.4. The salt will draw the moisture out of the food, creating a kind of brine that the food sits in.

Today, in most parts of the world, salting, is no longer necessary. 5. But even though we no longer rely on salt to keep our food fresh, we haven’t lost our taste for salt. We don’t want to give up our bacon, corned beef or salted beans.

A.So how do you preserve food with salt?

B.Next, it can make food too salty to eat.

C.Second, salt is poisonous to many bacteria.

D.But for a long time, no one knew why salt worked.

E.You can alternate layers of food and salt in a big jar.

F.People buy food in cans, keep it in the refrigerator, or freeze it.

G.They use salt to preserve meat, fish, vegetables, and even fruit.

Answer

1.D

2.C

3.A

4.E

5.F

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几千年来，腌制是一种常见的保存食物的方法，文章主要介绍了腌制中盐所起的作用，如何用盐保存事物以及盐的用量的问题。

1.

根据上文For thousands of years, salting was a common way to preserve food. Corned beef (咸牛肉）, bacon, green beans, and hundreds of other foods were preserved with salt. 几千年来，腌制是一种常见的保存食物的方法。咸牛肉、培根、四季豆和成百上千种其他食物都是用盐保存的。以及下文Then, in the 1800s, a Frenchman named Louis Pasteur discovered the secret: bacteria。然后，在19世纪，一位名叫路易斯·巴斯德的法国人发现了这个秘密：细菌。故D项（But for a long time, no one knew why salt worked）但是在很长一段时间里，没有人知道盐为什么起作用。承上启下，符合语境。故选D。

2.

分析本段可知，本段主要讲述了为什么盐会杀死细菌。以及上文First, bacteria need moisture (水分）to grow and multiply. Salt pulls moisture out of food, so the bacteria die. 首先，细菌需要水分(水分)才能生长和繁殖。盐会吸走食物中的水分，所以细菌就会死亡。故C项（Second, salt is poisonous to many bacteria）第二，盐对许多细菌都是有毒的。承接上文，符合语境。故选C。

3.

根据下文For meat or fish,you pour on a layer of salt, then rub it in well, leaving a salt crust (盾）all over the outside. Hams are often made this way. Another way is to put food into very salty water, called brine.对于肉或鱼，你倒上一层盐，然后很好地揉进去，在外面留下一层盐皮。火腿通常是这样做的。另一种方法是将食物放入非常咸的水中，称为盐水。由此可知，本段主要讲述的人用盐保存事物的方法。故A项（So how do you preserve food with salt?）那你怎么用盐保存食物呢？能够概括段落大意，符合语境。故选A。

4.

根据上文Another way is to put food into very salty water, called brine. 另一种方法是将食物放入非常咸的水中，称为盐水。以及下文The salt will draw the moisture out of the food, creating a kind of brine that the food sits in.盐会把食物中的水分吸走，形成一种食物可以浸泡的盐水。故E项（You can alternate layers of food and salt in a big jar）你可以在一个大罐子里交替放置食物和盐。承上启下，符合语境。故选E。

5.

根据上文Today, in most parts of the world, salting, is no longer necessary.今天，在世界上大多数地区，腌制不再是必要的。以及下文But even though we no longer rely on salt to keep our food fresh, we haven’t lost our taste for salt.但是，即使我们不再依赖盐来保持食物的新鲜，我们也没有失去对盐的品味。故F项（People buy food in cans, keep it in the refrigerator, or freeze it）人们买罐装食品，把它放在冰箱里，或者冷藏起来。承上启下，符合语境。故选F。