It was a red-letter day in the history of medicine—“Target Zero Day”, May 8th, 1980, marking the complete removal of smallpox, a terrifying disease. It was untreatable but, luckily, it turned out that vaccination(接种疫苗) provided good protection— and that mass immunization(免疫) could wipe out the smallpox virus by blocking its spread.
According to legend, vaccination was invented by Dr Edward Jenner. Jenner showed that healthy children vaccinated with cowpox, a mild infection of cattle, could not catch smallpox. He was supposedly inspired by a comment from a local milkmaid, but there is evidence that the idea came from a medical friend, John Fewster, who had experimented with cowpox. Nevertheless, Jenner deserves credit for introducing vaccination into the medical mainstream with his paper published in 1798.
In 1966, 160 years after the prediction that vaccination would clean off the disease, the World Health Organization launched its Smallpox Eradication Programme. This heroic 11-year drive was directed by two’ American public health doctors, DA Henderson and Bill Foege. Their hardships were enormous. One WHO official even promised to eat a tyre if smallpox was removed. Henderson promised to send him the tyre and wished him good appetite. But Henderson and Foege’s hard work paid off— three years after the last smallpox case was informed (to make sure no outbreaks had been missed) Target Zero Day was declared.
40 years on, why should we remember Target Zero Day? First, to celebrate victory of preventative medicine and freedom from a cruel disease. Then, we must remember the victims of smallpox. It had previously killed 1 in 12 worldwide. In 1914, a Canadian professor warned against forgetting smallpox, which was fast disappearing from North America. It went on to kill at least another 250 million people— three times more than both world wars combined. Target Zero Day also reminds us of undefeated infections, including polio, measles, malaria, and of course the coronavirus Covid-19. Let’s recognize Target Zero Day for what it is：a milestone in world history and a monument to the art of the possible.
1.What inspired Jenner to invent the vaccination?
A.A medical friend. B.A local milkmaid.
C.Cattle. D.Children.
2.What is the writer’s purpose of mentioning the WHO official’s promise?
A.To introduce the support from the WHO.
B.To stress the importance of good appetite.
C.To suggest the difficulty in removing smallpox.
D.To show his determination to carry on the drive.
3.From the last paragraph we can infer that _______.
A.Covid-19 will be conquered soon
B.world wars are worse than infections
C.Canadians benefit from the vaccine most
D.smallpox is a terrifying disease
4.What message does the text convey?
A.Every dog has his day.
B.A good beginning is half the battle.
C.A trouble shared is a trouble halved.
D.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
In 2003, Mary Marggraff was a 47-year-old California mother, devoted to school committees and car pool schedules. But after losing her trusty notebook and buying a new one, she had an inspiration. “It was blank,” says Marggraff, now 64. “What else could I fill it with?” Soon she was thinking about her childhood love of flying, and next thing she knew, she determined to register in flight school. “In my first class, all the students were single men half my age. I felt like a housemother attending a fraternity (兄弟会), but I loved it too much to walk away.” she says.
Marggraff earned her first pilot’s license in 2005. Six years and four additional licenses later, her addiction to being in the air changed into something grander: a desire to go to space. To move closer to her starry dreams, Marggraff got a part-time job as a mission support representative at Virgin Galactic, Richard Branson’s commercial space line. In that role, she attended space-related gatherings where she educated people about the future of universe voyages. Though space tourism isn’t quite a reality yet, Marggraff has already begun space training in expectation of being on one of Virgin’s early flights. “I’ve completed acceleration force exercises,” she says, “which require getting inside a machine, spinning around at 2,500 miles per hour, and trying not to black out.”
Marggraff’s training has meant more than getting her wings — it’s expanded her sense of what the future may hold. “It turns out I’m capable of much more than I imagined,” she says. “I used to think it’d be a miracle if I got my first license. Now I’ve completed nearly 1,000 hours of flight! I'm rotten in the kitchen and I burn anything I iron, but if you need someone to land a plane, call me.”
1.Marggraff registered in flight school in order to __________.
A.break away from car pool schedules
B.make her new blank notebook popular
C.prove women are equal to men in flying
D.pursue her childhood dream of flying
2.What did Marggraff do after earning five licenses?
A.She got into space on one of Virgin’s early flights.
B.She instructed people in how to make universe voyages.
C.She received space training in preparation for space tourism.
D.She tried in vain to overcome faintness from high speed.
3.What does Marggraff benefit from her space training besides getting a license?
A.It proves her a miracle. B.It increases her self-confidence.
C.It wins her a qualification. D.It improves her imagination.
4.Which of the following words can best describe Marggraff?
A.Aggressive and hopeful. B.Creative and fragile.
C.Energetic and sensitive. D.Considerate and persistent.
Below are the future optional majors for you to take into consideration before entering college.
Architecture
Degree: Bachelor of Arts
Architecture is the design of the built environment: buildings and their surroundings. As a profession, it is an art, science, and business with careers(职业)available in schools of architecture, and in architectural research. Department of Architecture Design 101 Alumni Hall Phone: 513-529-7210
Accountancy
Degree: Bachelor of Science
Accountancy is the language of business. Accountants prepare profit and loss statements, cost studies, and tax reports. They can work for any size firms, ranging from a large international firm to a small local accounting practice, and government. Farmer School of Business Student Services Office Phone: 513-529-1712
Journalism
Degree: Bachelor of Arts
Journalism includes the fields of Media & Culture, and Interactive Media Studies. In addition to fundamental reporting, writing, and editing skills, journalism combines the art of communication with the science of digital technology. Graduates may become magazine editors, reporters, or copywriters.
Department of Media, Journalism & Film 206 Williams Hall Phone: 513-529-5893
Anthropology
Degree: Bachelor of Arts
Anthropology is the study of humans. Individuals and societies are complex and dynamic, which means anthropology covers a lot of ground. The study of people can lead to almost any career path, including education, health care, social work, international development, government and human relations.
Department of Anthropology 120 Upham Hall Phone: 513-529-8399
1.Which of the following directly involves the art of communication?
A.Architecture. B.Accountancy.
C.Journalism. D.Anthropology.
2.What is the unique advantages of majoring in anthropology?
A.Graduates will receive further education for free.
B.Graduates will receive a Bachelor of Arts degree.
C.Graduates can apply for a position in government.
D.Graduates have a wider range of job chances.
3.Who is the passage most likely intended for?
A.Ordinary job hunters. B.Senior high school graduates.
C.College staff. D.Social workers.
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Rescue in a Bottle
Curtis Whitson had rafted down the Arroyo Seco, a river in central California, several times before.
This year, Curtis Whitson knew the water-fall was coming. He figured he would get out of his raft into the shallow water, get down the rocks along ropes on either side of the falls, and continue on his way, as he had on a previous trip.
But this year was different. Heavy snow and spring rains had turned the usually manageable falls into something fierce. And this year, instead of his friends, Whitson’s companions were his girlfriend, Krystal Ramirez and his 13-year-old son, Hunter. As the three of them approached the falls late in, the afternoon of the third day of their camping trip, Whitson could tell from the increasing roar of water in the narrowing canyon (峡谷) that they were in serious trouble. There was no way they’d be able to get down the rocks as planned.
“The water was just roaring through there with tremendous force,” recalls Whitson, 45.
They had no smart phone service, and they hadn’t seen a single person in the past three days. And Whitson knew that they’d be sharing the ground there with rattlesnakes and mountain lions.
As he was thinking what to do, Whitson hit on a bit of luck — he heard voices coming from the other side of the falls. He yelled, but the sound of the rushing water drowned him out.
“We have to get these people a message,” Whitson thought.
He grabbed a stick and pulled out his pocketknife to carve “Help” in it. Then he tied a rope to it so the people would know it wasn’t just any stick. He tried throwing it over the falls, but it floated away in the wrong direction.
“We’ve got to do something!” Whitson yelled to his son. “Have we got anything else?”
Then he spotted his water bottle. Whitson grabbed it and carved “Help!” on it. Ramirez also reminded him that he had a pen and paper in his backpack.
Whitson knew it was a slim hope. But he wrote “6-15 19:00 We are stuck here@ the waterfall. Get help please” and pushed the note into the bottle. This time, his throw over the waterfall was perfect.
“All right, that’s all we can do,” Whitson told Hunter.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段开头语己为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
It took 30 minutes to get back upstream to the beach where they’d had lunch.
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Paragraph 2:
The next morning, the helicopter returned.
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假定你是李华，收到纽约大学录取信(offer)，请你给纽约大学的招生负责人Steven写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示感谢；
2. 咨询需补寄哪些材料；
3. 询问其他准备工作。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kobe Bryant passed away in a helicopter crash five months ago. His fans were so heartbroken that they held various1.(activity) to honor him. Someone ''updated'' the superstar's social media 2. April 1 to promote his sports fantasy novel, The Wizenard Series: Season One, to his fans around 3. globe. The novel revolves (围绕) around basketball team, the West Bottom Badgers, and an incredible coach Rolabi, who 4.(base) on Phil Jackson, the former coach of the Los Angeles Lakers.
''The book stems from (源于) my goal of bringing joy back to youth sports, while 5.(teach) important life lessons.'' Bryant said in an interview before his death. Apart from referring to his 6.(person) basketball experiences, he also draws from the more basic and psychological truths in sports: teamwork, training, perseverance and mental toughness.
While the announcement may not have come 7.(direct) from Bryant, many fans are hoping that the fantastic novel 8.(continue) his legacy. For many others, 9., it was Bryant's mentality that made him legendary (传奇的). 10.(know) as the ''Black Mamba'' for his passion, persistence, and fearlessness, Bryant will live on through the achievements he impressed upon the world.
