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Many scientists believe our love of suga...

    Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction. When we eat or drink sugary foods, the sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good.

1.In this way, it is in fact an addictive drug, one that doctors recommend we all cut down on.

“It seems like every time I study an illness and trace a path to the first cause, I find my way back to sugar,” says scientist Richard Johnson. One-third of adults worldwide have high blood pressure, and up to 347 million have diabetes. Why? “ 2.“ says Johnson.

Our bodies are designed to survive on very little sugar. Early humans often had very little food, so our bodies learned to be very efficient in storing sugar as fat. In this way, we had energy stored for when there was no food. But today, most people have more than enough. 3.

So what is the solution? It’s obvious that we need to eat less sugar. 4.From breakfast cereals to after-dinner desserts, our foods are increasingly filled with it. Some manufacturers even use sugar to replace taste in foods that are advertised as low in fat.

But there are those who are fighting back against sugar. 5.Other schools are growing their own food in gardens, or building facilities like walking tracks so students and others in the community can exercise. The battle has not yet been lost.

A.We take in more energy and fat.

B.Then the good feeling goes away, leaving us wanting more.

C.Our ancestors were used to poor food, clothing and shelter.

D.So the very thing that once saved us, may now be killing us.

E.Sugar, we believe, is one of the reasons, if not the major one.

F.The trouble is, in today's world, it's extremely difficult to avoid.

G.Many schools are replacing sugary desserts with healthier options like fruit.

 

1.B 2.E 3.D 4.F 5.G 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多科学家认为吃糖会上瘾,并引发疾病。为此,人们应该减少摄入糖分,一些学校开始用水果代替甜点,或者步行道让学生们加强锻炼。 1.根据下文In this way, it is in fact an addictive drug, one that doctors suggest we all cut downon.可知,这里强调以这种方式,糖会使我们门上瘾,医生也建议我们要减少食用。因此横线处应该是说明糖为什么会使人上瘾。故B项(Then the good feeling goes away, leaving us wanting more)然后这种感觉消失,我们需要更多糖分。引出下文,符合语境。故正确答案为B。 2.根据上文“One-third of adults worldwide have high blood pressure, and up to 347 million have diabetes. Why?”( 世界上有三分之一的成年人患有高血压,高达3亿4700万的人患有糖尿病。为什么?)可知,下文应是介绍原因的。故E项(Sugar, we believe, is one of the reasons, if not the major one)我们认为,糖是原因之一,即使不是主要原因。承接上文,符合题意。故选E。 3.根据上文“Early humans often had very little food, so our bodies learned to be very efficient in storing sugar as fat. In this way, we had energy stored for when there was no food.”可知,早期人类通常很少有食物,所以我们的身体学会了非常有效地将糖储存为脂肪。这样,我们就可以在没有食物的时候储存能量。这是在说明糖分的好处,紧接着Bu today转折,意味着横线处是强调糖分摄入过分的害处。故D(So the very thing that once saved us, may now be killing us.)曾经救过我们的东西现在可能正在致我们于死地,承上启下,符合语境。故选D。 4.根据上文“It’s obvious that we need to eat less sugar.”和下文 “From breakfast cereals to after-dinner desserts, our foods are increasingly filled with it”可知,我们需要减少糖的食用,但是事实上从早餐到晚餐我们的食物中含有大量的糖。也就是说橫线处是对我们不得不吃糖这一事实的说明。故F项(The trouble is, in today's world, it's extremely difficult to avoid),问题是,在当今世界,这是极难避免的,承上启下,符合语境。故选F。 5.根据上文“But there are those who are fighting back against sugar”可知,有些人已经开始与糖分做斗争,故下文应列举具体斗争的方法。故G项(Many schools are replacing sugary desserts with healthier options like fruit.)许多学校正在选用更健康的食物例如水果代替含糖甜点,承上启下,符合题意。故选G。
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    Most of the new diseases we humans have faced in the past several decades have come from animals. The more we come into contact with wild animals, the more we risk a so-called disease “spillover” from animals to humans.

“As people move and wildlife move in response to a changing environment, humans and wildlife and animals will come in contact more regularly,” said Jeanne Fair from the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. Fair argues that by shifting  animal habitats, climate change will also make the opportunities for disease spillover more frequent. “Everything is sort of shifting and will shift into the future as the environment changes through climate change,” Fair said.

Scientists, including climatologists and epidemiologists on Fair’s team at Los Alamos, are beginning to model how changes to the climate will impact the spread of infectious diseases. It’s early days for this kind of research, but previous studies suggest that extreme weather has already played a role in at least one outbreak. Scientists say drought and deforestation have combined to force bats out of rainforests and into orchards(果园)in Malaysia to find food. Those bats, a common disease reservoir, then passed the Nipah virus through pigs to humans for the first time in the late 1990s.

“We’re going by the past data to really predict what’s going to happen in the future,” Fair said, “And so, anytime you increase that wildlife-human interface, that’s sort of an emerging disease hot spot. And so, that’s just increasing as we go forward.”

Jeffrey Shaman, head of the climate and health program at Columbia University’s public health school, argues we don’t yet know whether climate change will cause a net increase in infectious disease rates globally. For example, mosquitoes carry disease that affects millions of people across the world every year. As their habitats expand in some parts of the world, they might contract diseases elsewhere. Shaman says what we know for certain about climate change is that it will make it harder to predict where disease outbreaks will pop up.

1.How does climate change affect the spread of disease according to Fair?

A.By breaking animals’ habits.

B.By increasing animals’ varieties.

C.By promoting animals’ breeding.

D.By changing animals’ living environment.

2.What is the example of bats for in paragraph 3?

A.Explaining the influence of Nipah virus.

B.Proving the harm of bats to human beings.

C.Showing the effects of climate change on disease.

D.Presenting scientists’ early study about the cause of disease.

3.What can we infer from Fair’s words in paragraph 4?

A.Humans should give up studying animals.

B.Past data can solve the problems in the future.

C.Disease hot spots will disappear if animals die out.

D.Frequent contact with animals can cause disease outbreaks.

4.What could be the best title for the text?

A.Climate Change and Disease Spillover

B.Animals’ Interaction with Humans

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    A storm hit Houston, Texas, on Tuesday. It brought heavy rains and rising flood-waters. By Tuesday night, some parts of the city had received 10 inches of rain. Police and firefighters helped people move to safe places. They also saved people from cars and buses that were stuck on roads.

Certain areas around Houston were hit really hard. In just four hours, more than seven inches of rain fell in Sugar Land in the southwest of Houston. Cars could not pass through any of the areas main roadways. On Twitter, Sugar Land city officials asked people to get to high ground.

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A.Flood damage in Houston. B.Flood prevention in Houston.

C.Heavy floods hitting Houston. D.People fighting floods in Houston.

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The London Underground (The Tube)

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It’s almost necessary to get an Oyster Card or a Travelcard. Single tickets are priced starting at the intentionally absurd price of £4.80 (Zone1-3), if you pay cash. Using an Oyster Card, a single fare is £2.30 if you are traveling within the central Zone 1.

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Last trains leave central London at around 00:30 weekdays, 23:30 Sundays. First trains leave the suburbs at around 5:00.

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