Question

    We usually interpret someone looking us straight in the eye during an interaction as a sign of trustworthiness. 1.This is at least the case in the Western world.

But research is increasingly challenging this standard view. 2. In a competitive environment where a negotiation is taking place, looking at another person directly in the eye can be a sign of competition and unkindness, rather than kindness.

While folk wisdom tells us eye contact is a sign of honesty and trustworthiness, these findings were not a surprise. Animals have direct eye contact not before engaging in kind behaviors but rather immediately before an attack. 3. We humans seem to be carrying on this tradition by looking our opponent directly in the eye before we "attack".

What does this mean for the work place? In a competitive business environment, when taking part in negotiations or a business deal, for example, be aware that people who look you directly in the eye may not be as friendly as you think. 4. In many Asian cultures, for example, looking a person of higher status in the eye is a sign of disrespect, while looking away signals respect.

5. And this must be fully understood. This means they most likely don't apply to social environments, such as spending time with friends, family or loved ones. In these cases, direct eye contact, often referred to as a "gaze", can still be a sign of intimacy（亲密）and kindness.

A.This may help you understand eye contact much better.

B.Eye contact is a sign of challenge and threat from another.

C.The study led by Jennifer Jordan shows quite the opposite.

D.All the experiments took place in a competitive environment.

E.We use eye contact as a marker of intimacy and straightforwardness.

F.Actually it can be rather upsetting when someone avoids eye contact.

G.If you want to express honesty and reliability, direct eye contact may indicate the opposite.

Answer

1.F

2.C

3.B

4.G

5.D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，一项研究表明，在一个竞争激烈的谈判环境中，直视对方的眼睛可能是竞争和不友善的表现，而不是善意。

1.

由上一句“我们通常认为，在互动过程中，有人直视我们的眼睛是值得信任的标志。”可知，承接上文，F选项“事实上，如果有人避免目光接触，那会让人相当不安。”切题；该选项中的be rather upsetting与上文中的trustworthiness意义相反。故选F项。

2.

由上一句“但研究正日益挑战这一标准观点。”可知，承接上文，C选项“詹妮弗·乔丹领导的研究却恰恰相反。”切题；该选项The study led by Jennifer Jordan shows quite the opposite对应上文中的research is increasingly challenging this standard view。故选C项。

3.

由下一句“我们人类在“攻击”之前，直接看着对手的眼睛，似乎是在继承这一传统。”可知，承接下文，B选项“眼神交流是来自他人的挑战和威胁。”切题；该选项Eye contact is a sign of challenge and threat from another对应下文中的looking our opponent directly in the eye before we "attack"（暗含“攻击威胁”之意）。故选B项。

4.

由下一句“例如，在许多亚洲文化中，直视一个地位较高的人的眼睛是不尊重的表现，而移开则表示尊重。”可知，承接下文，G选项“如果你想表达诚实和可靠，直接的眼神交流可能恰恰相反。”切题；该选项中的direct eye contact may indicate the opposite解释了下文中的“直视一个地位较高的人的眼睛是不尊重的表现，而移开则表示尊重”。故选G项。

5.

由第二段中的“在一个竞争激烈的谈判环境中，直视对方的眼睛可能是竞争和不友善的表现，而不是善意。”，倒数第二段中的“例如，在竞争激烈的商业环境中，当你参与谈判或商业交易时，要注意直视你眼睛的人可能没有你想象的那么友好。”，和倒数第二段中的“例如，在许多亚洲文化中，直视一个地位较高的人的眼睛是不尊重的表现，而移开则表示尊重。”可知，这些结论都是在竞争的环境中得出的，承接上文，D选项“所有的研究实验都是在竞争环境中进行的。”切题。故选D项。