What does the doctor advise the woman to do?
A.Do the first test only. B.Give up the two tests. C.Do the tests tomorrow.
What does the man think of Sue?
A.She is a competitive coworker.
B.She is too young to be promoted.
C.She is an experienced employee.
假设你是晨光中学的学生李津。你所喜爱的英语杂志 Teens’ Spacec 创刊五周年，在此之际, 该杂志向读者征集对杂志的意见或给出建议，请你根据以下内容给杂志主编写一封信。
内容：① 说明你是该杂志的忠实读者；
② 说明你喜欢该杂志的原因；
③ 提出你的建议。注意：① 词数不少于 100；
② 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯;
③ 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Editor-in-chief,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Jin
阅读下面短文，按照要求完成阅读任务。
Why would human beings waste a third of their lives sleeping when they could be doing more important things like looking after their families or working? Some scientists believe sleeping helps recharge the body, while others think it is important for strengthening newly-formed memories. Now, there is new evidence which suggests that the purpose of sleep may be to forget some of the millions of new things we learn each day.
The neurons in the human brain consist of fibers called dendrites(树突). These grow as we learn new things and connect the brain’s cells to each other at contact points called synapses(突触). The larger the dendrites become and the more cells they connect, the more information we store.
In 2018, Giulio Tononi and Chiara Cirelli, both biologists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, suggested a new idea: The things our brains learn each day result in so many synapses that things start to get a little messy. Sleeping allows us to sort through(整理) the “noise” and dispense all the unnecessary information, leaving behind only the most important memories.
Recently, the university’s research has provided direct evidence to support the theory. The experiment involved analyzing 6,920 synapses in the brain shavings from two groups of mice over a four-year period; one group had been allowed to sleep, while the other had been kept awake and entertained with toys. The researchers discovered that the brain shavings of the sleeping mice had nearly 20 percent fewer synapses than those that had been kept awake and entertained.
It was also evident during the study that the brain does not shave every synapse. 20% of neurons remained unchanged; these were most likely well-established memories. Therefore, although we may be sleeping to forget some of what we’ve learned, the brain “forgets”in a smart way.
Most researchers believe clearing our brains is not the only purpose of sleep. Resting our minds and bodies has also been found to help with other biological functions like strengthening our immunity. Though scientists may never agree on a single reason, they are all sure of one thing－a good night’s rest is essential for our health. So try and spend at least a third of your day sleeping!
1.What’s the new discovery about the purpose of sleeping according to the text?(no more than 15 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
2.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?(no more than 10 words)
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3.What does the underlined word “dispense” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?(no more than 5 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
4.What agreement do all the scientists probably reach about sleeping according to the text? (no more than 10 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
5.What kind of sleeping habit do you have? Please explain.(no more than 25 words)
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Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a responsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered financial opportunities for which education was not needed: on the road from rags to riches, schooling-beyond the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic-was an unnecessary detour.
Even today, it is still possible for people to achieve financial success without much education, but the number of situations in which this is possible is decreasing. In today's more complex world, the opportunities for financial success is closely related to the need for education, especially higher education.
Our society is rapidly becoming one whose chief product is information, and dealing with this information requires more and more specialized education. In other words, we grow up learning more and more about fewer and fewer subjects.
In the future, this trend is likely to continue. Tomorrow's world will be even more complex than today's world, and, to manage this complexity, even more specialized education will be needed.
1.The topic treated in this passage is _____.
A.education in general B.Americans' attitudes
C.higher education D.American education
2.Americans' attitudes toward education have always been _____.
A.certain B.contradictory C.ambitious D.unclear
3.Today, financial success is closely related to the need for _____.
A.higher education B.public education
C.responsible citizens D.learning the basics
4.It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.
A.information is our only product B.education in the future will be specialized
C.we are entering an age of information D.we are living in an age of information
5.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.The History of American Education. B.The Need for Specialized Education.
C.The Future of the American Educational System. D.Attitudes toward American Education.
The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.
But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?
One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?
Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.
About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.
AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.
Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphaGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better human beings.”
1.What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?
A.Computers will prevail(战胜) over human beings. B.Computers have unmatched potential.
C.Computers are man’s potential rivals. D.Computers can become highly intelligent.
2.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?
A.They are capable of predicting possible risks.
B.They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.
C.They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.
D.They sacrifice everything to save human lives.
3.What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?
A.How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.
B.How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.
C.How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.
D.How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.
4.What do we learn about Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ Taylor?
A.She could not distinguish good from bad. B.She could turn herself off when necessary.
C.She was not made to handle novel situations. D.She was good at performing routine tasks.
5.What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?
A.It will be far superior to human beings. B.It will keep improving as time goes by.
C.It will prove to be valuable to human beings. D.It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.
