Ask any readers who their favorite fictional character in a novel is and you'll likely get a detailed explanation about the beloved character that they admire. It might even sound like they're talking about a person they know.
In a study, researchers looked at the brains of a group of people over nine days. Half of the group read the novel Pompeii, and half didn't. After examining, researchers found the readers' brains showed heightened connectivity in some areas. This is likely because the brain imagines the movement and emotions of the character they read about in the book. Even though the participants were then asked not to read the novel, they kept this heightened connectivity. We call that a "shadow activity", almost like a muscle memory. So even after you've finished a book, your brain keeps those benefits for some time afterwards.
It has been suggested that people who read a lot of fiction become more empathic (移情的),because fiction is a simulation (模仿)of social experiences, in which people practice and improve their interpersonal skills. The people who not only read fiction, but felt a high level of "emotion transportation" while reading as compared to people who weren't taken by the story or who read non-fiction displayed higher levels of empathy when tested. Increase of empathy is important for people because empathy is positively related to creativity, performance at work and cooperative behaviors.
Besides, reading improves "Theory of Mind". It is “the ability to understand that others have mental states that are different from one' s own.” Of various activities, reading novels has been found to improve this ability, while watching television programs or movies has been found to do just the opposite a reduced understanding of others and weaker cognitive (认知的)development overall.
Maybe we should put more of a priority on novel-reading. And many readers believe that reading a novel is far better and more meaningful than watching any movie. As David Kidd of the New School study said, “Fiction is not just a simulator of a social experience; it is a social experience."
1.Which of the statements is true according to Paragraph 2?
A.When they finish a book, the brain connectivity disappears.
B.The participants in the study all read the novel Pompeii.
C.Reading novels increases connectivity in our brain.
D.Reading novels helps enhance our memory greatly.
2.What do we know about novel readers from Paragraph 3?
A.They tend to be emotional in social experiences.
B.They are more likely to be innovative and cooperative.
C.They have poor interpersonal skills.
D.They are more sensitive to others' views.
3.What' s the effect of watching TV or movies?
A.It distinguishes your views from those of others.
B.It contributes to your cognitive development.
C.It reduces your empathy for others a lot.
D.It changes your overall mental states.
4.What does the underlined word "priority" in the last paragraph mean?
A.Preference. B.Authority.
C.Exposure. D.Evaluation.
5.What do you think is the best title for the passage?
A.Reading fiction VS Watching movie B.Reading fiction makes a full man
C.Novel-reading is a ''shadow activity" D.Novel-readers share emotions
For much of the past hundred years, classrooms have been designed with the teacher seated in front of desks for students. But many educators now say children can do better in a less structured environment.
Bob Pearlman works as an education consultant in the United States. He told The Associate Press that traditional classrooms are a thing of the past. Now students work in ''extended learning areas" that in elude project planning rooms, workrooms, and laboratories, as well as learning spaces for groups and individuals. Pearlman points to Albemarle County Public Schools, in Charlottesville, Virginia. The school system invited teams from all its schools to develop learning spaces that would help students deal with complex ideas and work on creative building projects. Now, its elementary school classes have exchanged traditional desks for things like soft seating and connectable tables.
Another change to the design of classrooms is the ability to connect to the Internet. " Classrooms, libraries, and laboratories used to be the only spaces where students spent their school hours. Wireless, laptops and project learning have changed that," Pearlman said. He noted that this has made all school spaces into possible extended learning areas.
David Thornburg, who wrote the book From the Campfire to the Holodeck, said Pearlman's concept catered to the students' need. He said schools should provide spaces based on how humans learn. That could mean one room is used in different ways at different times, or in different ways at the same time.
Earp is with Teacher magazine, a publication of the nonprofit Australia n Council for Educational Research. She noted that in the 1970s, American Robert Sommer, a psychologist, was urging a critical look at traditional classroom designs. Earp said that in addition to newer "freeform" classroom designs, some teachers could find good results with designs that combine new and old ideas. They could try lining up desks at the start of the year and then placing them in groups as the classroom relationships become clearer and project work begins.
1.What change happened to Albemarle County Public Schools?
A.Classroom furniture. B.Learning materials.
C.Teaching Strategy. D.Studying time.
2.What does the underlined word "that" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.The new design. B.The existing classroom.
C.The application of the Internet. D.The limitation on learning spaces.
3.What' s David' s attitude towards Pearl man' s classroom design?
A.Objective. B.Neutral.
C.Supportive. D.Disapproving.
4.What’s the ideal classroom in Earp's eyes?
A.It should be designed by teachers.
B.It should provide freedom for students.
C.It should focus on comfortable learning environment.
D.It should be combined with both modern and conventional ideas.
5.What's the passage mainly about?
A.Different opinions about classroom designs.
B.The considerations in classroom designing.
C.Shortcomings of traditional classrooms.
D.The ways to enlarge learning spaces.
Where do you find beauty? Fashion Magazines? Music Videos? One American photographer is finding beauty in unexpected places. And a new documentary about his work might help change the traditional standards of "who" is beautiful.
Rick Guidotti put aside his career as a fashion Photographer to turn his lens (镜头)to people living with genetic, physical and behavioral differences. He says what changed his perception of beauty was a chance encounter with an albino(白化病) girl.
"I was just tired of people telling me who was beautiful. Every season that face would change but1 was always told who was beautiful. As an artist, I don't see beauty just on covers of magazines. I see it everywhere. So that was my initial intention that opened my eyes a little wider and wider." Said Guidotti.
Guidotti has created Positive Exposure, a not-for-profit organization that uses photography and video to transform public perceptions and promote a world where differences are celebrated. Guidotti and Positive Exposure are featured in a new documentary called On Beauty.
The cast and crew recently hosted a screening at Georgetown University in Washington. One of the women featured in the film is Jayne Waithera. “I never thought I was beautiful because nobody said that to me, but meeting him was my profound moment. I remember that particular day he took my picture and I felt so good like I felt there's somebody who, really loves me and sees me for who I am and who sees me more than my condition.” said Waithera.
The documentary is the brainchild of producer Joanna Rudnick. After seeing Rick's photos, she decided to tell his story. Joanna and Rick are traveling from city to city to promote On Beauty. They say their tour is not about money, it's about the message: “As I travel from community to community, I'm taking photographs and I'm empowering individuals with a positive sense of who they are. They're seeing beauty in their reflection but I'm also empowering their families and they in turn are empowering their communities as well. All is based on the philosophy of change how you see, see how you change."
1.Why did Rick change his career?
A.Because he couldn't earn enough money from his former career.
B.Because the beauty on covers of magazines are not beautiful.
C.Because he wanted to create his own company.
D.Because his comprehension of beauty changed owing to an albino girl.
2.What can we know about Positive Exposure?
A.It brings a lot of money for Rick. B.It makes the public more beautiful.
C.It welcomes differences in the world. D.It makes photography more popular.
3.What does the author want to tell us by mentioning Jayne in Paragraph 5?
A.Jayne was beautiful indeed.
B.Photographs gave Jayne a positive sense of who she was.
C.It was unfair that nobody discovered Jayne's beauty.
D.Jayne's picture was more beautiful than herself.
4.What does the author mainly intend to tell us in the last paragraph?
A.We should travel frequently.
B.Community has a great influence on everyone.
C.We should make contributions to our community.
D.Your attitude to seeing the world decides your behavior.
5.What do you know about Rick Guidotti based on the passage?
A.He's a talented photographer with a firmly established reputation.
B.He's a social worker devoting himself to helping the disadvantaged.
C.He conveys a new concept of beauty by means of a documentary.
D.He promotes people' s taste of beauty through his fashion photographs.
Harvard student guides lead Highlights Tours and Quick Stops, available during the fall and spring semesters, except during holidays, winter sessions, and breaks. Fall tours begin on Friday, September 6, and ran through Wednesday, November 27. Spring tours start on Friday, January 31, through Friday, March13 and then from Wednesday, March 25 through Wednesday, April 29. Tours may also be offered in French and Chinese besides English.
Highlights Tours
Fridays, 12:30pm Saturdays, 2:00pm Sundays, 2:00pm
Visit towering Native American totem (图腾)poles and precious artifacts of the ancient world. See life-size casts of Maya monuments and exhibitions such as Wiyohpiyata which is about the 19th century warrior art, and Digging Veritas, which explores the history of Harvard. The themes of the exhibition vary every two days. Visit the museum near the fountain. Tours last 45 minutes, and museum admission is free. For groups of 6 or more, please reserve a scheduled group tour for the day and time of your choice by contacting reservations at 617-495-3216. Each guide may lead a maximum of 20 people per tour. These tours are mainly offered to people of college age or older. Groups with younger people may reserve K-12 school programs through reservation.
Quick Stops
Wednesday, 3:30pm Sundays, 11:30am
Let a Harvard student help you focus on a few special objects in the galleries. Each Quick Stop lasts about 25 minutes and offers replica (复制品)objects to handle while you are engaged in lively conversations. Tell us what the exhibits show you. Topics change daily and there is no age limit, but children between six and ten travelling with adults are free of charge.
For more information, please visit https://www.harvard.edu.
1.How long does the Fall tours last?
A.More than two months. B.Within two months.
C.Within a month. D.At least three months.
2.What should a group of 12 people participating in Highlights Tours do?
A.Call the guide at 617-495-3216. B.Make the reservation ahead of time.
C.Take a 10-year-old child if they want. D.Arrive at the museum 45 minutes earlier.
3.Which of the following is true about Highlights Tours?
A.Wiyohpiyata is closely connected with Native American totem culture.
B.Digging Veritas explores the history of Native Americans.
C.You can get close to the special objects in the gallery.
D.One exhibition is about the art of ancient soldiers.
4.What is the similarity between the two tours?
A.They have changeable themes or topics. B.They are targeted at tourists of similar ages.
C.They tell about the Maya civilization. D.They allow the visitors to guide the tours.
5.What can we learn from the text?
A.Tours are offered only in French or Chinese.
B.Visitors can have a tour on Christmas Day.
C.A child aged eight can travel free in Quick Stops with his parents.
D.Highlights Tours offers free museum admission just for children under ten.
Cards came for every occasion for Grandma. She even sent a card which was more of a _______to me when my cat died or when my relationship with somebody ended.
When I was young, I looked forward to _______ her birthday cards because of the check, the "gift" they contained. _______ , as I grew older, I realized the card itself was a(n) _______ gift, especially since her handwriting became spidery, a sign her illness was _______ .
She kept writing cards even the morning she died. Her wonderful nurses _______ them after she was gone. At her _______ , friends and family told us about the many cards they got from her. Her cards seemingly stretched further than I knew. We _______ that the volume of mail in the Postal Service was about to drop _______ after Grandma' s death. AS we dug into her possessions, we found notebook after notebook of ________ including many strangers', and album after album of cards she had received from others. She________ every card people sent. And that' s when I________ I would start sending cards, too.
When I grew up, I realized cards served a(n) ________ purpose in my life. When my mailbox is filled with ________ offers or even worse, bills, a personalized card is a breath of fresh air. The cards from my grandma were a ________ that she thought enough of me and I__________ the time she spent writing a card, sticking a stamp, and sending it out.
Now I like to ________ my friends by sending them birthday cards when they have even removed their birthdays from social media. And I usually pick out cards months in ________ for the persons on my list. A card is a good way to tell someone you thought about them, you________ them, and if nothing else, you just want to make them feel________ .
1.A.burden B.promise C.comfort D.claim
2.A.receiving B.sending C.selling D.buying
3.A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.Instead D.However
4.A.precious B.artificial C.simple D.traditional
5.A.recovering B.worsening C.treated D.controlled
6.A.wrote B.mailed C.read D.copied
7.A.funeral B.request C.office D.heart
8.A.declared B.warned C.poked D.suggested
9.A.slightly B.completely C.hugely D.randomly
10.A.labels B.timetables C.accounts D.addresses
11.A.burned B.threw away C.gave out D.saved
12.A.decide B.agreed C.suspected D.pretended
13.A.imaginary B.significant C.impossible D.meaningless
14.A.junk B.suitable C.sweet D.similar
15.A.lesson B.recommendation C.reminder D.command
16.A.measure B.appreciate C.remember D.check
17.A.persuade B.surprise C.consult D.instruct
18.A.addition B.consequence C.order D.advance
19.A.observe B.interview C.value D.challenge
20.A.calm B.fair C.relaxed D.special
The growth of economy is influenced by a number of factors, ________are beyond our control.
A.most of them B.most of that C.most of what D.most of which
