Question

    Due to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia （NCP）, people all over the world are wearing masks to reduce the risk of infection. It's a very simple but incredibly effective method to protect oneself from a variety of harmful things. In fact, masks have been helping mankind for centuries. Let's take a look at some mask-related history.

1st century

In that era, many people in Roman Empire worked underground in mines to support their families. But most of them suffered from and even eventually died of respiratory （呼吸的） illnesses. To address this problem, Pliny the Elder （23-79 AD）, a Roman philosopher and naturalist, recommended the use of animal bladder （膀胱）skins to stop dust from being breathed in. Although primitive, his idea was considered the very first recorded mask invention.

16th century

Early inventions did not stop with Pliny. Many centuries later, Italian artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci （1452-1519）, proposed using a woven cloth dipped in water over the face to protect against the poisonous chemicals.

19th century

The design of the mask look a big step forward in the 19th century. In 1848, American Lewis Hassley became the first person to patent （注册专利）a protective mask for miners, which was a milestone in face mask history. Masks at this stage were similar to gas masks. Later, in 1897, Polish-Austrian doctor Johann von Mikulicz-Radccki designed a simple mask composed of one layer of gauze （纱中1）, recommending medical workers to wear it to prevent infection. That was the first recorded use of a surgical mask.

20th century

In 1910. an epidemic broke out in Northeast China. Chinese doctor Wu Liande designed a cheap face mask called "Wu's mask". Made of two layers of surgical gauze, it could be wrapped around the back of the head and tied in a knot. This mask was praised by experts around the world, as it was simple to manufacture （制作）and had a low production cost. Modem exploration

With several outbreaks of infectious diseases and the flu. and the rise of pollution caused by industrial waste, the materials in masks have continued to evolve to better protect its wearer. For example, in 2012 when China suffered from smog, mask models such as N95 and KN90. which can filter out this fine particulate （微 粒）mailer, became highly popular. In the future. masks will continue to improve, hopefully so will the habits of humans.

1.According to the text, why were masks invented?

A.To reduce the risk of infection.

B.To protect miners from dust.

C.To indicate patients with respiratory illnesses.

D.To protect workers from harmful chemicals.

2.What was considered a milestone in face mask history?

A.Using a woven cloth instead of animal skins.

B.Getting a patent on protective masks for miners.

C.The invention of surgical masks in 1897.

D.Using more than one layer of surgical gauze.

3."Wu's mask" grew popular around the world because.

A.it could be used multiple times B.it was simple for people to wear

C.it was cheap and easy to manufacture D.it could better protect people from smog

4.What is the text mainly about?

A.The evolution of masks. B.The benefits of using masks.

C.A comparison of different masks. D.The roles masks played at different times.

Answer

1.B

2.B

3.C

4.A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文，文章介绍口罩的发展史。

1.

细节理解题。根据第二段In that era, many people in Roman Empire worked underground in mines to support their families. But most of them suffered from and even eventually died of respiratory （呼吸的） illnesses. To address this problem, Pliny the Elder （23-79 AD）, a Roman philosopher and naturalist, recommended the use of animal bladder （膀胱）skins to stop dust from being breathed in. Although primitive, his idea was considered the very first recorded mask invention.“在那个时代，罗马帝国的许多人都在地下矿井工作来养家。但大多数人都患有呼吸系统疾病，甚至最终死于呼吸系统疾病。为了解决这个问题，老普林尼(Pliny the Elder，公元23-79年)，一位罗马哲学家和博物学家，建议使用动物的膀胱皮来防止吸入灰尘。虽然很原始，但他的想法被认为是第一个有记录的口罩发明。”由此可知，发明口罩是为了保护矿工免受灰尘的伤害。故选B。

2.

细节理解题。根据第四段The design of the mask look a big step forward in the 19th century. In 1848, American Lewis Hassley became the first person to patent （注册专利）a protective mask for miners, which was a milestone in face mask history.“口罩的设计在19世纪看来是向前迈进了一大步。1848年，美国人Lewis Hassley成为第一个为矿工防护口罩申请专利的人，这是口罩历史上的一个里程碑。”故选B。

3.

细节理解题。根据第五段中Chinese doctor Wu Liande designed a cheap face mask called "Wu's mask". Made of two layers of surgical gauze, it could be wrapped around the back of the head and tied in a knot. This mask was praised by experts around the world, as it was simple to manufacture （制作）and had a low production cost.“中国医生吴连德设计了一种廉价的面膜，叫做“吴氏口罩”。它由两层外科纱布制成，可以缠绕在脑后并打结。这种口罩因制作简单、成本低而受到世界各地专家的好评。”由此可知，“吴的口罩”在世界各地流行起来，因为它价格便宜，易于制造。故选C。

4.

主旨大意题。根据第一段中In fact, masks have been helping mankind for centuries. Let's take a look at some mask-related history.“事实上，面具已经帮助人类好几个世纪了。让我们来看看一些与口罩相关的历史。”以及下文关于对于口罩演变的具体说明可知，这篇文章介绍口罩的演变。故选A。