When David Edwards founded the oPhone, he hoped scent (嗅觉的) messages would become the next big thing in the digitization of our online lives.
The device looked like a high-tech cruet set (调味瓶)， and allowed a friend with an iPhone app to send you scent messages alongside photos. Send a picture of your dinner, tag it with four different tones, and whoever is on the receiving end can sniff it from the vase-like tubes of the oPhone.
The oPhone didn’t take off, and the company has now shifted focus to a “scent speaker” called the Cyrano, which similarly uses a range of scent capsules to emit “play lists” of smells.
Compared to our real world interactions, our online lives are lacking in scent. Our digital culture, so soaked in visual and aural stimuli, is odorless (没有气味的). So why didn’t his marriage of smell and picture messaging excite more interest?
From a technical point of view, smell is simply harder to mass communicate than sounds and pictures. “There are two main technological obstacles to making smell transmissible by digital means,” explains biophysicist and author of Perfumes: The A -Z guide, Dr Luca Turin.
“First, there are no odor ‘primaries’like RGB or CMYK. Second, it has proved impossible to stimulate the olfactory epithelium (上皮组织) directly by any means tried so far. This means that it is currently impossible to induce a sensation of smell without there being an actual chemical in the inhaled air (吸入的空气).”
“The more we’re plugged into the virtual world, the more we deeply appreciate thecontrast-moments in our human, experience，” says designer and olfactory artist Mindy Yang.
“Intuitively, we realize that we are starved of certain sensations. With the rise of digital culture, society has become more interested in the missing sense-c-what we smell.”
This interest in scent isn’t only happening within the worlds of perfume and fashion. Over the past few years a number of cultural projects have set out to focus on the power of sensory experiences, from the use of a smell map, to the Tate Sensorium, which in 2015 let users experience visual art alongside smells, tastes and sounds.
Whether it’s devices like the oPhone that仕y to introduce scent into digital messaging, organizations are growingly aware of our culture’s desire for sensory experiences. In a time of virtual reality and scentless social networks, it’s perhaps no wonder that we as a culture have such a desire for something that instinctively feels real and authentic-even if it was made in a lab.
1.What can we learn about the oPhone?
A.The oPhone has defended our interest in what we smell.
B.The oPhone hasn’t caught on yet since it was founded.
C.The oPhone has swapped visual and aural stimuli for scent.
D.The oPhone is a vase tube to sniff specific messages from.
2.What makes it challenging to introduce scent into digital messaging?
A.The relevant tissue is impossible to stimulate directly.
B.Scent capsules should be applied to send out smells.
C.There exists no actual chemical in the inhaled air.
D.Sounds and pictures are easier to mass communicate.
3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A.To promote the oPhone which can send scent messages.
B.To reveal the problems of the invention of the oPhone.
C.To predict the trend of the digitization of our online lives.
D.To introduce the oPhone based on smell-digital-technology.
If you’ve ridden any New York subway, chances are good that you’ve watched your cellphone clock tick while seated on an unmoving, delayed train. You wouldn’t wish to have such a _________ feeling of being stuck on public transportation anymore. No one knows the feeling as _________ as Jerich Marco Alcantara does particularly when he had _________ in his life to celebrate. He _________ his graduation ceremony at Hunter College’s Brookdale campus due to a delay.
There were two _________ ceremonies that day, but Alcantara specifically wanted to _________ the early ceremony, because students were only _________ two tickets for friends and family at the latter event. He wanted all of his family and friends in attendance.
Stuck on the train in full baccalaureate gown (学士服), Alcantara still got to experience a formal _________, sort of. Some friends and strangers improvised (即兴创作) a ceremony on the subway. _________ a cellphone, a friend presented Alcantara with a “diploma”; __________ somebody else on the train played Good Riddance (Time of Your Life) by Green Day. Another passenger __________ the ceremony and posted the video to Facebook.
________ he wasn’t able to attend the full ceremony, in a way this will end up being a more memorable __________ for Alcantara down the road. He will be able to point to his __________ and not just think of the hard work it took to earn it, but the __________ missing his real graduation ceremony created.
Moments like these help us get a little more __________ of our fellow man during a __________time. Although these aren’t all strangers, it’s still wonderful to see people __________ to make sure someone feels the proper __________, or at least their big achievement should be __________. Though Alcantara missed his official graduation ceremony, he said his subway experience meant a lot.
1.A.rising B.sinking C.spinning D.floating
2.A.vividly B.casually C.plainly D.fiercely
3.A.milestones B.promotions C.festivals D.parties
4.A.spoiled B.quitted C.overlooked D.missed
5.A.separate B.continuous C.relevant D.contradictory
6.A.join B.make C.abandon D.ignore
7.A.appointed B.allocated C.approved D.accumulated
8.A.assembly B.situation C.occasion D.meeting
9.A.Via B.On C.In D.From
10.A.instead B.afterwards C.therefore D.meanwhile
11.A.filmed B.took C.interviewed D.reported
12.A.Since B.As C.Although D.When
13.A.exploration B.moment C.impression D.stage
14.A.video B.ticket C.diploma D.cellphone
15.A.pain B.inconvenience C.excitement D.memory
16.A.convinced B.tired C.reliant D.faithful
17.A.messy B.extreme C.acute D.disorganized
18.A.get together B.gather together C.put together D.band together
19.A.acquisition B.cooperation C.recognition D.evaluation
20.A.welcomed B.applauded C.calculated D.encouraged
以“An Outstanding Woman—Madame Curie”为题目按下列表格的内容写一篇100词左右介绍居里夫人的短文。
Name | 居里夫人 |
Nationality | 波兰 Poland（n.）; Polish （adj.） |
Experience | 结婚后，她继续在法国学习物理和化学 |
Quality | 受过良好教育；刻苦勤奋；意志坚强，遇到困难从不失去信心； 毕生奉献于科学事业 |
Achievement | 1903年因发现镭元素获诺贝尔物理奖；1911年获诺贝尔化学奖 |
注意：1. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2. 标题及开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：诺贝尔物理（化学）奖 The Nobel Prize for Physics (Chemistry)
镭元素 radium element
An Outstanding Woman-Madame Curie
Madame Curie was an outstanding woman, who was a Polish woman scientist.
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处.每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧) 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Elias was a poor black worker. The time that he first met Nelson Mandela was very difficult period of his life. Nelson Mandela offered guidance to poor black people with their legal problems. Elias was not at school for long, for his family could not afford his school fees and the bus fare. When he worried about if he would be out of the work because he didn’t have one passbook. Nelson Mandela told him what to do. That day was one of Elias’ happiest day in his life. Later, Elias joined the ANC Youth League organizing by Nelson Mandela. In 1963, Elias helped Mandela blew up some government buildings. It was very dangerous and Elias was happy because he thought it would help them achieve their dream of making black and white people equally.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wang Kun and his sister Wang Wei had dreamed 1.taking a great bike trip. They decided 2.(cycle) along the entire Mekong River. Wang Wei insisted that they 3. (start) from Qinghai Province. Wang Kun said that would be very difficult, because their journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 4. (metre). But Wang Wei seemed to be5.(excite) about it and refused to change her mind, 6. (say) that it would be an interesting experience.
Several months before their trip, they went to the library. They found a large atlas with good maps 7.showed details of world geography. From the atlas they could see that the Mekong River 8.(begin) in a glacier on a mountain in Qinghai Province. The river is small at first. It moves 9. (rapid) as it passes through deep valleys. Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys. After it flows out of China, it continues to flow through Southeast Asia. At last, the river delta enters 10.South China Sea.
完形填空。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
On a cold winter evening, I was walking home alone, when suddenly came screams (呼喊声) from behind some tress.___, I slowed down to listen, and ___ that what I was hearing were the sounds of a fight. A woman was being attack (袭击) not far from where I _____.
“Should I go to help her?” I thought. I was worried about my own _____, and I regretted having suddenly decided to take a new way home that night. “What if I am _____ too? Shouldn’t I just _____ to the nearest phone and call the police?” But already the girl’s ______were growing weaker. I knew it was time for me to act fast because I could not ______ the life of this unknown woman, _____ it meant risking my own life.
I am not a ______ man. I didn’t know where I found the _____ and physical strength (体力), but once I had finally ______ to help the girl, I changed suddenly. I ran behind the bushes and ______ the attacker off the woman. Struggling, we fell to the ground, where we fought for a few minutes _____ the man jumped up and ran away.
______ heavily, I came up to the girl, who was crying. In the _____, I could not see her clearly, but I could certainly _____ her shock. Not wanting to frighten her any further, I spoke to her from a distance.
“It’s OK,” I said _____. “The man ran away. You’re safe now.” There was a long stop and then I heard the words, said in both wonder and _____. “Dad, is that you?” And then, from behind the tree, stepped my youngest _____， Katherine.
1.A.Excited B.Frightened C.Interested D.Disappointed
2.A.knew B.understood C.realized D.imagined
3.A.stood B.killed C.heard D.caught
4.A.money B.safety C.future D.family
5.A.happy B.sad C.excited D.hurt
6.A.move B.take C.run D.go
7.A.cries B.noises C.cheers D.sounds
8.A.save B.ignore C.change D.decide
9.A.although B.because C.as D.but
10.A.kind B.powerful C.mean D.brave
11.A.courage B.belief C.attitude D.idea
12.A.agreed B.planed C.promised D.decided
13.A.took B.dropped C.pulled D.got
14.A.unless B.if C.since D.until
15.A.Walking B.Drinking C.Breathing D.Looking
16.A.daylight B.afternoon C.darkness D.midnight
17.A.feel B.see C.guess D.find
18.A.angrily B.softly C.sadly D.happily
19.A.shame B.peace C.pain D.surprise
20.A.son B.daughter C.grandson D.cousin
