Question

    As a rule, a child who has once been happy with a tale likes to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.

A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.

There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say, so peculiar(奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girlfriend.

No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.

1.The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when         .

A.it is repeated without any change B.it is treated as a joke

C.some changes are made to it by a parent D.it is set in the present

2.According to the passage, great fear can take place in a child when the story is       .

A.in a realistic setting B.told in a different way

C.repeated too often D.heard for the first time

3.The advantage claimed for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it       .

A.develops their power of memory B.makes them less fearful

C.makes them believe there is more to be afraid of D.encourages them not to have strange beliefs

4.One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that       .

A.they are full of history B.they make teachers of history difficult to teach

C.they are not interesting D.they are just made up of unreal stories

Answer

1.C

2.D

3.B

4.D

【解析】

这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲了对于孩子们阅读童话故事存在一些争议。有些人认为童话故事的恐怖情节伤害了孩子，也有人认为童话故事不客观真实，脱离了现实。

1.

推理判断题。由第一段的“It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.(讲一个故事总是比读一本书要好得多，而且，如果父母能在当时和孩子的实际情况下，做出比印刷文本更好的东西，那就更好了)”可知，作者认为如果父母讲神话故事结合当时的实际时代和孩子的实际情况，而不仅仅是从故事书上读故事，也就是对故事进行一定的改动，效果更好。故选C。

2.

细节理解题。由第二段的“As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once.(至于恐惧，我认为，在某些情况下，孩子们会被一些童话故事危险地吓坏。然而，这通常是因为孩子已经听过一次这个故事)”可知，作者认为如果故事只讲了一遍，小孩会产生恐惧感。也就是说如果孩子们第一次听到故事时会感到恐惧。故选D。

3.

细节理解题。由第二段的最后一句话“Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.(通过重复熟悉故事，将恐惧的痛苦转化为面对和掌握恐惧的快乐)”可知，作者认为不断的重复故事可以让小孩变得熟悉故事，这样恐惧的痛苦就会变成恐惧的快乐。故选B。

4.

细节理解题。由第三段中There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history.可知也有人反对童话故事，理由是它们不是客观真实的，巨人、女巫、双头龙、魔毯等等都不存在；而且，应该教导孩子通过学习历史来了解现实，而不是喜欢童话故事里奇怪的一面。由此可知，有些人不喜欢童话故事的原因之一是这些故事都是虚构的。故选D。