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Bill Gates on how to fight future pandem...

Bill Gates on how to fight future pandemics

WHEN HISTORIANS write the book on the covid-19 pandemic, what we've lived through so far will probably take up only the first third or so.The bulk of the story will be what happens next.

I believe that humanity will beat this pandemic, but only when most of the population is vaccinated(接种疫苗).Until then, life will not return to normal.

As the pandemic slows in developed nations,it will accelerate in developing ones.Their experience,however,will be worse.In poorer countries,where fewer jobs can be done remotely,distancing measures won't work as well.The virus will spread quickly,and health systems won't be able to care for the infected.

Wealthy nations can help.But people in rich and poor places alike will be safe only once we have an effective medical solution for this virus,which means a vaccine.

My hope is that,by the second half of 2021,facilities around the world will be manufacturing a vaccine.If that's the case,it will be a history-making achievement: the fastest humankind has ever gone from recognizing a new disease to immunizing (免疫)against it.

Apart from this progress in vaccines,two other big medical breakthroughs will emerge from the pandemic.One will be in the field of diagnostics.The next time a novel virus crops up,people will probably be able to test for it at home.Researchers could have such a test ready within a few months of identifying a new disease.

The third breakthrough will be in antiviral drugs.We haven't been as effective at developing drugs to fight viruses as we have those to fight bacteria.But that will Researchers will develop large diverse libraries of antivirals,which they'll be able to scan trough and quickly find effective treatments for novel viruses.

All three technologies will prepare us for the next pandemic by allowing us to intervene(干预)early when the number of cases is still very low.

Our progress won't be in science alone.It will also be in our ability to make sure everyone benefits from that science.In the years after 2021,I think we'll learn from the years after 1945. With the end of the Second World War, leaders built international institutions like the UN to prevent more conflicts.After covid-19, leaders will prepare institutions to prevent the next pandemic.

These will be a mix of national,regional and global organizations.I expect they will participate in regular"germ games”in the same way as armed forces take part in War games.These will keep us ready for the next time a novel virus jumps from bats or birds to humans.

I hope wealthy nations include poorer ones in these preparations,especially by devoting more foreign aid to building up their primary health-care systems.This pandemic has shown us that viruses don't obey border laws and that we are all connected biologically by a network of microscopic germs,whether we like it or not.

The best analogy(类比)for today might be November 10th 1942.Britain had just won its first land victory of the war,and Winston Churchill declared in a speech: “This is not the end.It is not even the beginning of the end.But it is,perhaps,the end of the beginning.”

1.What are the three technologies that will prepare us for the next pandemic?

manufacturing a vaccine fast     

diagnosing a virus at home

developing antiviral drugs 

allowing us to intervene early

A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④

2.As far as poorer countries are concerned,which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?

A.pandemic disease is more likely to begin in poorer countries

B.Working from home can work well in poorer countries.

C.Health systems are sufficient to care for the infected in poorer countries.

D.Virus will cross borders if poorer countries fail to contain it.

3.Why is the Second World War mentioned in Para.8?

A.The fight against the COVID-19 is similar to the Second World War.

B.People are suffering just as they were in the Second World War.

C.We should cooperate globally just as we did after the Second World War.

D.Countries are fighting each other like in the Second World War.

4.What is the tone of this passage?

A.pessimistic B.optimistic

C.neutral D.indifferent

 

1.A 2.D 3.C 4.B 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文,讲的是比尔·盖茨谈人类如何抗击下一次疫情。 1.细节理解题。根据第四段“My hope is that, by the second half of 2021,facilities around the world will be manufacturing a vaccine. If that's the case, it will be a history-making achievement: the fastest humankind has ever gone from recognizing a new disease to immunizing (免疫)against it.”可知,我希望到2021年下半年,全世界的药厂都能生产出疫苗,如果是这样的话,这将是一个历史性的成就:人类有史以来从认识一种新病毒到对它免疫最快的一次(快速生产疫苗);根据第五段中的“Apart from this progress in vaccines, two other big medical breakthroughs will emerge from the pandemic. One will be in the field of diagnostics. The next time a novel virus crops up, people will probably be able to test for it at home.”可知,除了疫苗方面的这一进展,这次疫情还将带来另外两项重大医学突破,其中一个是诊断学领域,下一次出现新的病毒时,人们可能就可以在家里进行测试了(在家诊断病毒);根据第六段“The third breakthrough will be in antiviral drugs. ”及“Researchers will develop large diverse libraries of antivirals, which they'll be able to scan trough and quickly find effective treatments for novel viruses.”可知,第三个突破是在抗病毒药物方面,在研发对抗病毒的药物方面,研究人员将开发出大量不同的抗病毒药物库,他们将能够扫描并快速找到针对新病毒的有效治疗方法(研发抗病毒药物),最后结合第七段“All three technologies will prepare us for the next pandemic by allowing us to intervene(干预)early when the number of cases is still very low.”可知,以上三种技术将使我们为应对下一次疫情做好准备,使我们能够在病例数仍然很低的时候及早进行干预,故A项正确。 2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In poorer countries, where fewer jobs can be done remotely, distancing measures won't work as well. The virus will spread quickly, and health systems won't be able to care for the infected.”可知,在较贫穷的国家,远程完成的工作更少,因此远程隔离措施也不会奏效,病毒会迅速传播,卫生系统将无法照顾感染者;再根据倒数第二段中的“This pandemic has shown us that viruses don't obey border laws”可知,这次疫情向我们表明,病毒不遵守边境法,由此可知,如果贫穷国家控制不住病毒,病毒将会跨国传播,故D项正确。 3. 4.推理判断题。通读全文,特别是根据第七段“All three technologies will prepare us for the next pandemic by allowing us to intervene(干预)early when the number of cases is still very low.”可知,以上三种技术(快速生产疫苗、在家诊断病毒、研发抗病毒药物)将使我们为应对下一次疫情做好准备,使我们能够在病例数仍然很低的时候及早进行干预;再根据第八段中的“After covid-19, leaders will prepare institutions to prevent the next pandemic.”及第九段中的“These will be a mix of national, regional and global organizations.”可知,在此次新冠疫情之后,各国领导人将准备好(成立)预防下一次疫情的机构,它们将是国家、区域和全球组织的混合体(世界各国进行全球合作),这些都有助于人类抗击下一次疫情,由此可知,在写这篇文章时,比尔盖茨对人类抗击下一次疫情是有信心的、持乐观态度(这篇文章的基调是乐观的),故B项正确。
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