Question

Face shape lets Al spot rare disorders

People with genetic syndromes （综合征）sometimes have revealing facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be _______given there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have. A new neural (神经系统）network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors _______ the possibilities.

Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the overall impression of faces and _______ a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.

They _______ the neural network, called Deep Gestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labeled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked Al to _______potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time.

Gurovich and his team also _______ the neural network's ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations （父异）that can lead to the same syndrome. They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in any one of five genes. Deep Gestalt correctly identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time. It's clearly not _______, but it's still much better than humans are at trying to do this.

As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that are most helpful in the determination are _______ and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.

The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about_______ . If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, ________ use such techniques to have a ________ against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders. ________ , Gurovich says the tool will only be ________ for use by clinicians.

This technique could bring significant________ for those who have genetic syndromes. The real value here is that for some of these ultra-rare diseases, the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be confirmed through checking genetic markers. For some diseases, it will cut down the time to diagnosis dramatically. For others, it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and, ________ , help find new treatments or cures.

1.A.convincing B.practical C.reliable D.tough

2.A.narrow down B.result in C.bring about D.arise from

3.A.wait B.present C.mail D.feed

4.A.focused B.touched C.based D.trained

5.A.adjust B.identify C.change D.cure

6.A.recognized B.showed C.tested D.acquired

7.A.perfect B.acceptable C.specific D.workable

8.A.covered B.highlighted C.excluded D.monitored

9.A.privacy B.accuracy C.reality D.objectivity

10.A.legally B.regularly C.secretly D.efficiently

11.A.vote B.fight C.argument D.prejudice

12.A.Furthermore B.Similarly C.Otherwise D.However

13.A.available B.impossible C.ready D.rare

14.A.challenges B.damages C.benefits D.concerns

15.A.by contrast B.on the contrary C.in addition D.in turn

Answer

1.D

2.A

3.B

4.C

5.B

6.C

7.A

8.B

9.A

10.C

11.D

12.D

13.A

14.C

15.D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。患有遗传综合症的人有时会有明显的面部特征，但利用这些特征快速而廉价地进行诊断是困难的，因为他们可能患有数百种可能的疾病。一种新的分析面部照片的神经网络可以帮助医生缩小可能性。

1.

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：患有遗传综合症的人有时会有明显的面部特征，但利用这些特征快速而廉价地进行诊断是困难的，因为他们可能患有数百种可能的疾病。A. convincing令人信服的；B. practical 实际的；C. reliable 可靠的；D. tough艰苦的，困难的。 根据第1空后的given there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have.可知，诊断起来是“困难的”。故选D。

2.

考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一种新的分析面部照片的神经网络可以帮助医生缩小可能性。A. narrow down缩小，限制；B. result in导致，结果是；C. bring about带来；D. arise from由……’引起。 根据第1空后的given there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have.和第2空前后的内容analyses photographs of faces can help doctors 和 the possibilities可知，此处指帮助“缩小”可能性。故选A。

3.

考查动词词义辨析。句意：波士顿生物技术公司FDNA的亚隆·古罗维奇(Yaron Gurovich)和他的团队建立了一个神经网络来观察人们对面部的整体印象，并列出了一个人最有可能患有的10种遗传综合症。A. wait等待；B. present 赠送，提出，列出；C. mail 邮寄，寄出；D. feed喂养。 根据第3空后的a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.可知，此处指“列出”10种遗传综合症。故选B。

4.

考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们基于名为深度格式塔(Deep Gestalt)的神经网络，对17000幅图像进行正确标记，以匹配200多种遗传综合症。A. focused聚焦，注视；B. touched触摸；C.based以……为基础；D. trained训练。 根据第4空后的the neural network, called Deep Gestalt,可知，此处指以“深度格式塔(Deep Gestalt)的神经网络”为基础。故选C。

5.

考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，研究小组让Al从另外502张患有此类疾病的人的照片中找出潜在的基因疾病。A. adjust调整；B. identify 鉴定；C.change改变；D. cure治愈。根据第5空后的potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions.可知，此处指“鉴定” 潜在的基因疾病。故选B。

6.

考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gurovich和他的团队还测试了神经网络区分可能导致同一综合症的不同基因突变的能力。A. recognized认识，意识到；B. showed展示，显示；C. tested测试；D. acquired取得。 根据第6空后的the neural network's ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations （父异）that can lead to the same syndrome.可知，此处指“检测”神经网络区分。故选C。

7.

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它显然不是完美的，但它在这方面比人类要好得多。A. perfect完美的；B. acceptable可以接受的；C. specific特殊的；D. workable切实可行的。根据第7空后的but it's still much better than humans are at trying to do this.可知，此处指它不是“完美的”。故选A。

8.

考查动词词义辨析。句意：在系统进行评估时，对判断最有帮助的面部区域会被突出显示，供医生查看。A. covered覆盖；B. highlighted突出；C. excluded排除；D. monitored检测。根据第8空前后的内容the facial regions that are most helpful in the determination are 和 and made available for doctors to view.可知，此处指面部区域会被突出显示。故选B。

9.

考查名词词义辨析。句意：诊断仅基于一张简单的照片，这一事实引发了关于隐私的问题。A. privacy隐私；B. accuracy精确度；C. reality现实；D. objectivity客观性。根据第9空前的内容The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about可知此处指引发的“隐私”问题。故选A。

10.

考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果人脸能透露基因的细节，那么雇主和保险公司原则上就可以秘密地使用这种技术，对那些很可能患有某种疾病的人产生偏见。A. legally合法地；B. regularly有规律地；C. secretly秘密地；D. efficiently有效地。根据第11空后的against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders.可知，此处指秘密使用这种技术。故选C。

11.

考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果人脸能透露基因的细节，那么雇主和保险公司原则上就可以秘密地使用这种技术，对那些很可能患有某种疾病的人产生偏见。A. vote 投票；B. fight打架，战斗；C. argument辩论；D. prejudice偏见。 根据第11空前后的use such techniques to have a 和 against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders.可知，对患有某种疾病的人产生“偏见”。故选D。

12.

考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，Gurovich说，该工具将只供临床医生使用。A. Furthermore此外；B. Similarly相似地；C. Otherwise否则，另外；D. However 然而。该句与上句构成一种转折关系。故选D。

13.

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Gurovich说，该工具将只供临床医生使用。A. available可获得的；B. impossible不可能的；C. ready 准备好的；D. rare罕见的。由此可知，Gurovichous说这个工具只会被临床医生使用，故选A。

14.

考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项技术可以给那些有遗传综合症的人带来显著的好处。A. challenges挑战；B. damages伤害；C. benefits利益；D. concerns关心。 根据第14空前的significant可知，此处指带来显著的好处。故选C。

15.

考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：对另一些人来说，它可能增加找到其他患者的方法，反过来，帮助找到新的治疗方法或治愈方法。A. by contrast 相比之下；B. on the contrary正相反；C. in addition另外；D. in turn反过来。根据第15空后的help find new treatments or cures.结合句意这种新技术,反过来会帮助找到新的治疗方法。故选D。